VSG v2.0 ( 6 Feb 2005 )
As I have said
previously, the main material used is pure carbon, so, I
have used a pure carbon 6 mm diameter rod (see the analysis
certificate below). To get a free g rays source to initiate the
main reaction,
I have used a Thoriated Tungsten rod (6mm diameter) with 2.20% of ThO2.
A radiations counter is able to measure 0.46 µSv/h while the
ambiant level is 0.10 µSv/h. A such electrode (WT20) is commonly
used for TIG and Plasma welding and I have alredy used it
previously in the High
Temperature Plasma Electrolysis
experiment
As, the Prof R.L.
Vallée said, one of the most important thing is to get the
Carbon in gaseous phase, this can be simply obtained by the use
of thin spark gap between the Th loaded tungsten rod (used as the
cathod) and the carbon rod (used as the anode). So, when the
strong discharge current pulse is sent between them, some carbon
is vaporised in the B-Field area while some g rays
are emitted by the ThO2.
All the required conditions to get the Vallée' Synergetic effect
are gathered...
he Carbon and the
Th-Loaded Tungsten rod assembly is inserted in the axis of a
cylindrical coil. The current pulse is measured by a current
transformer (400:1) loaded with a 881 ohms resistor. The nuclear
reaction (if there is one...) is monitored with a radiations
counter. I have used a Gamma-Scout®
handheld radiations detector.The
Gamma-Scout® reliably measures
alpha, beta, gamma and
X-radiations, it is
the latest development in handheld Geiger counters, designed
specifically for homeland security.
Tests protocol
:
1. The two 80000 µF
capacitors are fully charged at 37 V.
2. The function generator
sends a squared pulse to the High Power MosFET switching circuit. The
capacitors are discharged through the 0.051 ohm resistor and the VSG
unit.
3. The strong pulse of
current is trapped with a current transformer loaded with a 881 ohms
resistor. The voltage accros the resistor is measured with a Shielded Test Lead STL 120 ( 1:1, 1 Mohms/225 pF )
and recorded in real time by the digital oscilloscope Fluke 123
4. The radiations counter
is checked for some eventual nuclear reactions.
Two tests have been
performed, the first (blank) test has been conducted without
the B-Field, the second test has been conducted in presence of
a colinear B-Field produced by the long coil placed around
the rods. The B-Field produced by the coil is continuous.
Below, you may see the
recorded voltage accross the Rload resistor with and without the
B-Field. In these scope diagrams, you may notice that the current
pulse is stronger when the colinear B-Field is activated (red curve).
During
these VSG tests
the radiations counter has shown a net increase of the radiations
level when the colinear B-Field is used. It is interesting to
notice that the measured radiations remain at least 10 seconds
after that the short current pulse has been sent. This increase
of the radiation level when the conditions are gathered shows
that a nuclear reaction seems to occured.
Comments about the
radiations level : It
is
important to notice that the higher level of the radiation
measured (0.26 µSv/h) here in this VSG experiment is located in
a common ambiant radiations level range. So, the radiations level
measured in this experiment is safe for your health. For exemple,
when you fly in an intercontinental jet liner which flies at
about 15000 meters, the radiation level is about 5 µSv/h, this
is 1.3 time more than in this VSG experiment...
Comments
: These tests of the
VSG v2.0 are very interesting
and need to be developped deeply. If the effects measured during
these tests are not a simple measurement artifact, they can be
directly related to the Prof R.L. Vallée Synergetic theory and
thus, this can be a real breakthrough and opens a new path in
free and clean energy production.
After more than 20
test runs with the VSG v2.0, I have noticed that the measured
signal becomes more irregular than during the first serie of
tests. I have tried to change the RLoad value to a 21.5 ohms
ceramic resistor, whithout success, the signal was still chaotic.
The efficiency has decreased to about 120%. ( see the results
below )
After some
investigations to find an explanation of this problem, I have
found that the tip of the tungsten rod which was in contact with
the carbon rod was entirely covered with a thin carbon powder.
The presence of thin
particles of carbon on the tip of the Thoriated Tungsten rod
confirms that some carbon has been vaporized by the discharge
process during the lot of test runs. Now, I need to clean up the
tungsten and the carbon rod and also the reaction chamber inside
the coil...
After a lot of test
runs, I have encountered the first problem with the VSG, the
carbon rod has melted the plastic tube of the coil and the sparks
have vaporized some carbon powder on the tip of the tungsten rod,
this has damaged the contact area between the carbon rod and the
Th-load tungsten rod ( 8 Feb 2005 ). So, after that I have cleaned the
tungsten cathod and placed a new carbon rod, the VSG is now ready
for new tests runs.
The purpose of these
new tests is -- to use the full energy of the capacitor so as to get a
max useable energy at its output. In the previous experiment, I have
used only a very short discharge pulse (166 µs). Now, in this
case the function generator has been set so as to get a full discharge
of the capacitor ... to measure the real current which flows in the
carbon rod with a more accurate method ...
For a better accuracy
of the measurements with the current transformer, I have decided
to use a low resistance shunt (1 ohm) placed across the CT output
instead of the 881 ohms RLoad. This will reduce strongly the
influence of the magnetisation current which flows inside the
Current Transformer (CT) when a high impedance load is used on
its output. The Current Transformer (CT) used in this test is a
400:1 (15 KVA). To measure the resistance of the Carbon rod more
accurately, I have used the 4 wires method by measuring the
current and the voltage with two digital multimeters.
You may notice that
the major gain in energy (10 J) is obtained during the first 5 ms
of the discharge process, this can be explained by the existence
of a working point of the VSG. A proper E-Field and B-Field level
must be found so as to get the best energy efficiency.
VSG v3.1 ( 13 Feb 2005 )
This new
version of VSG
seems to give a good energy efficiency, may be that this is due a
stronger E-Field (1214 V/m) and a stronger B-Field (48 gauss)
than in the previous design v2.0. I shall soon try with a bigger
carbon rod and a bigger solenoid coil to get more nuclear
interactions in the reactor.
VSG v3.5
This version v3.5 of
the VSG use a 6 mm diameter and 60 mm length pure carbon rod and a 6 mm
diamter Thoriated Tungsten rod (loaded with 2.20% of ThO2).
A such electrode ( WT 20 ) is commonly used for TIG and Plasma
welding and I have alredy used it previously in the High
Temperature Plasma Electrolysis experiment. A solenoid coil
is tightly wound around the carbon rod, this coil produces a
colinear and continuous (DC) magnetic field inside the carbone
rod, its purpose is to align the spins of the carbon atoms with
the main electric field. The measured B-Field with a Gaussmeter
is about 135 gauss. To get a true Synergetic effect, the required
nuclear reaction is :
If few carbon atoms
are able to interact in this nuclear process (1st reaction), a
superimposed current is produced by the b
radiations during the reconstitution of carbon from boron 12 (2nd
reaction) while a large amount of vacuum energy is tapped.
To measure the
additional current flow in the carbon, the apparatus is placed in
the main axis of a large toroid coil used as the secundary of the
VSG transformer while the carbon rod acts as its primary. Two 80
000 µF capacitors are connected in parallel and charged at 37
Volts, then, these two capacitors are discharged through the
carbon rod with a High Power MosFet electronic switching unit.
During the discharge sequence The current flow in the carbon rod
during the discharge sequence is measured with a toroid
transformer (1143:1) loaded with a 881 ohms resistor (Rload). All
the datas are recorded in real time with the digital oscilloscope Fluke
123.. The resistance of the carbon rod have
been measured with the 4 wires method.
Test
one : The solenoid coil is
not powered (B-Field = 0), the capacitors are discharged through
the carbon rod. The voltage is recorded with the digital scope,
then the datas are stored in a computer for calculations.
Test
two : The solenoid coil is
switched on (B-Field = 135 gauss) few second before the firing
sequence. The capacitors are discharged through the carbon rod.
The voltage is recorded again with the digital scope, then the
datas are compared to the previous one.
Expected
results : If a significant
change in the measured voltage between the 'test one'
and the 'test two' can be
detected, this can be only
explained by the presence of an additional current flow in the
carbon produced by the b radiations.
In the case of carbon,
with a coefficient of effectiveness of 10-5
(1 atom out of 100.000 entering into reaction) and a total output
of 20%, the reconstitution of carbon from boron 12 would provide
8 kw per gram of carbon used.
When the continuous and
colinear B-Field is active, the current
flow in the carbon rod increases significantly.
VSG v4.1 ( 20 Feb 2005 )
This new version of
the VSG uses a bigger torus transformer as a Current Transformer
(CT). It has a bigger turn ratio (1143:1) and will be able to
handle more current flow in the carbon. The inner diameter of the
torus is also bigger, so, in this V4.1, I have used a 11 mm
diameter and 120 mm length pure carbon rod with a solenoid coil
wound around it.
The VSG v4.1 gives a very
good energy efficiency ( Energy factor With/Without B-Field =
3.46 ), this is due to a stronger E-Field (2030 V/m) and a
stronger B-Field (60 gauss) than in the previous design v3.1. As
you may see above, the power factor is also very high...
http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=1310.0
Single
Circuits Generate Nuclear Reactions
Tesla_2006 * Newbie
Single circuits generate nuclear
reactions
August 01, 2006
Hello, there are many single
electric and electronic circuits can
generate controlled nuclear reactions, totally ecology and of low
costs, I've tested 3 circuits with full results
1) Discharging a condenser in a
carbon rod
When a condenser is discharged in a
carbon rod acelerated electrons hit
the carbon atoms in a fusion reaction creating Boron in the following
reaction
C + e = B
For this process is needed a fews
Kilo-electronvolts (Kev) of energy
powered for the condenser bank
But that Boron atom is a inestable
isotop and desintegrates in the
original Carbon atom in a reversible reaction
B = C + e
This reaction liberates about 13
Mev, and liberates the same electron
used for the first reaction but with more energy in a way of beta
radiation.
Other detail is than for each 100000
atoms is bombarded for this
electrons discharge of Carbon only one go in this nuclear reaction,
this is know in physics as the coefficient of effectiveness.
For a initial volume of carbon rod
there is a minimal energy for start
this process calculated determinated for the condenser bank and
can get that from a single battery, when this nuclear process begin,
electrons in form of beta radiation can be collected for a toroidal
coil arround of the carbon rod, that toroid must be in the principle
polarized with a little current for align the magnetic dipoles in the
carbon rod for help the process.
My results was get in the external
toroid about 6 KW in my firsts tests
and then autopowereds devices at 110 VAC, 60 Hz and 220 VAC, 50 Hz ,
and I've published some results in a web site, but in
spanish http://econuclear.tk
This single nuclear circuit may be
the used for Nikola Tesla in 1931
for power his electric car, because he use a little circuit keep in the
radio box and have 2 carbon rods labeled "Here is the power".
2) A magnetic version of the before
mentioned discharge device I build
using the know nuclear magnetic resonance phenomena, all atoms have a
nuclear precesion known as the Larmor precesion frequency, his value
for a magnetic field of 0,5 Teslas is about 21 MHz, this suggest than
if we create a magnetic circuit tuned to this frequency by the quantum
relation E = h * f , the nucleons proton-neutron area break and there
is a nuclear desintegration and energy liberation.
I test a common iron rod and place 3
coils, one for the polarization
field of 0,5 Teslas, another for generate the resonance at 21 MHz and a
third for get de power, in my firsts tests I get about 10 KW with the
starting polarization and oscillator using less than 100 watts, and
autopowered devices to 220 VAC, 50 Hz and 110 VAC, 60 Hz, I see the
frequency output is the tuning difference between the resonance Larmor
frequency and the external oscillator, thats say if the nuclear
resonance is in 21 MHz and the oscillator was at 21,001 MHz the output
power frequency is in 1 KHz , I see in this magnetic circuit there is a
desintegration of the Fe atom in a isotope for a delay of time for
reciver his initial state. This method is used in medicine but not used
for energy generation and too many more single than the here shown
system use Uranium , this is an ecologyc device and low cost in
comparation to that, I wait upload this to the before web site I
mentioned.
3) Discharge in gases, I've build a
gas version of the carbon rod
discharge version for proof an aditional phenomena only known in gases
discharge, I use a common fluorescent lamp of 8 watts, a battery
generator of high voltage with voltage doubler, a condenser discharge
into the tube when his voltage exceed the breakdown avalanche state. I
can get from the battery about 2 watts but the tube light at full
power, thats say 4 times the power of the source Russians work with the
SGD ( Self generating discharge ) in gases for nuclear reactions of the
accelerated electrons with the gas atoms
Very single circuit , an oscillator
a doubler with a discharge condenser
All this circuits shown there is
single electric and electronics
circuits, of very low costs get nuclear reactions such as in the nature
there is spontaneous nuclear reactions in lighting discharges, carbono
14,etc,.....
Any question to this email I can
answer
gigawattgratis@123mail.cl
Speedy23 * Newbie
Re: Single circuits generate nuclear
reactions
October 13, 2006
Seems very similar to the Vallee
synergetic generator duplicated by
JLNaudin
Kator01 * Hero Member
October 14, 2006
I know this one. No, the valle-stuff
is something total different.
Koen1 * Hero Member
April 09, 2008
Well then please explain what is so
totally different about it? It does
seem remarkably similar to the Valle synergetic process as described on
Jean Naudins website... untill I hear what is supposed to be so totally
different about it, I'm going to assume it is the same thing. After
all, they are both tallking about pumping several KeV into a Carbon
rod, having something happen, and getting several MeV out of the rod
again. And they are also both talking about the C turning into a B
isotope, which decays back into C again while releasing excess energy.
Sounds crazy, but also very similar.
exnihiloest * Full Member
Right. In this paper (in french):
http://franckvallee.free.fr/localhost/plain/content/download/137/535/file/Science%20&%20vie.PDF
it is said page 3: "with an efficiency of 10-5 (reaction of 1 atom on
100,000) and a global performance of 20% the replenishment of 12C from
12B disintegration gives 8 KW per gram". A similar setup to this from
Tesla_2006 is showed page 4. It is said that OU appears only when the
current in the coil around the carbon rod, provided through the
"rh?ostat", is above a certain threshold. Then the output current is 4
times that given by the capacitor discharge. Tesla_2006's setup seems
to be a plagiarism.
Feynman * Moderator * Hero Member
May 01, 2008
You have duplicated this? What
voltage and current did you use
for the pulse into the carbon rod? Did you use mechanical switching or
MOSFET/IBGT? Does the rod need to be a specific type of carbon?
As for the collector, this is simply
the torroid with a small current
bias? Also, what do you mean "with and without the
B-field"? Is this referring to the current bias on the
torroid, provided by a small battery?
UncleFester * Jr. Member
May 01, 2008
I used 30 VDC power supply and ran
it into some 40,000uF caps (2) and
used a mosfet switcher, gate driven by TC4420 gate driver. You gotta
watch the energy levels though. I started raising the voltage and got
some scary large output on the torroid. It became clear that in order
to run continuously I would need a very large gauge winding on the
toroid in order to handle the pulses. The first setup was a small 1/8"
tungsten rod (Thoriated) and a 1/4" carbon rod. I moved up to 3/8"
Tungsten rod and 1/2" carbon rod and that's when things got really fun.
Geiger counter started to really tick at that point. I shielded
everything with aluminum after that just to be safe. Thin aluminum
appears to stop the B-radiation easily.
Answers:
1.Yes, Mosfet switcher
2. I got my carbon here: http://www.tedpella.com/carbon_html/carbon1.htm
3. Torroid was setup just like JLN's
with current shunt and separate
meter to read peak pulse current and voltage
4. B-field is the field that aligns
the molecules in the carbon rod,
this increases the effect tens, hundreds, or even thousands of times
over no B-field. The B-field is simply a coil wound around the carbon
rod and a straight DC current run through it during the firing of the
spark gap (Tungsten to Carbon gap).
Please read and re-read the JLN
experiements on the VSG system. It
explains much better than I and has very good images of everything. I
will send you a photo of my setup if you like, it's too big to post
here.
http://jlnlabs.online.fr/vsg/index.htm
This is the most promising
technology I have seen in more than 15 years
of OU research/experiments! This paired with a high voltage pulse motor
should be able to power any vehicle or home. My next step is to add
multiple VSG's and get a large generator working on a pulse motor.
Feynman * Moderator
May 01, 2008
Okay thanks, I actually went and
read JLN's stuff and it makes a lot
more sense now. From what I can tell however, he did not achieve
COP>1, although that would seem to be rather trivial considering the
large amounts of power available. As for self-powering, I am
curious why you are going the pulse motor route? Wouldn't it be
possible to switch the current output of the collector toroid back into
a capacitor bank (say, via IBGT), for a fully solid-state method of
power storage/conversion?
UncleFester * Jr. Member
May 02, 2008
Minimum of two times output versus
input. That also takes into account
time period (current), voltage and total capacitor input VS time. I'm
sure there are others working on it quietly, it's too damn good to pass
up if used with a HV pulse motor I.E. Gray. The amazing fact is that
the reaction becomes a compounding equation based on how much voltage
potential is used in the test. Anything above 100 volts or so and you
end up with Kiloamperes and at least three times output versus input.
Can you imagine what a Gray circuit would do under the same
circumstances? You are looking at 10uF charged to 3KV and you might
have problems containing that much beta radiation, and the output I can
guarantee would be in the 100's of kilowatts output for single digit
kilowatt input.
Remember that Gray's system (which
I've also built) was NOT this high
of an energy gain. The engine would run the equivalent of 500 miles
before the batteries needed to be recharged (granted it was only 4-60AH
batteries), so it was NOT overunity. The big difference here is that
Gray was seeing the same effect as the VSG, but only tenths of a
percent of the energy gain because he was not using the B-field on his
carbon rod, and thus with this massive energy gain of the VSG we should
have a 100HP high voltage pulse motor that recycles charge just like
Gray's system BUT with a massive lower voltage pulse in the hundreds of
amperes back the batteries as a side effect. In this case you can
clearly see you have have a car that should a minimum have a range of
1000's of miles possible 5000 or more miles before the small bank
needed to be recharged.
Furthermore the power supply for
this system is simplified to only
require a IGBT, or other high current device to discharge the capacitor
bank, but at much lower voltages. I have 1200V @ 200 Ampere IGBT's here
just for that purpose. The only problem I can see so far is that the
carbon and or tungsten rods would need to be resurfaced so that the
glazing that happens does not eventually ruin the conduction across
them. You would also need to switch banks back and forth just like the
Gray system in order to avoid problems with the sensitive switching
devices and it would need a decent amount of shielding for the beta
radiation (gamma and alpha is not a problem in this design). And yes,
the whole system could run on capacitors but they would need to be huge
and made for high current pulse applications. Not sure if a bank of
super caps could be wired in series and handle the abuse this system
would dish out or not.
Koen1 * Hero Member
May 02, 2008
@UncleFester: Naudins experiments
show that the version he tested went
slightly unstable when the tungsten electrode got covered in carbon
dust from the hV spark discharges... He then needed to remove the
electrode and clean it, and then it worked nice and smooth again.
Naudin also mentions that free "gaseous" carbon atoms must be available
for the Protelf process to work efficiently. What are your experiences
with carbon dust coating the cathode and hindering spark discharges?
And did you use the spark gap method shown by Naudin, or did you use
some other method? I ask because I wonder if it also works if we do
away with the spark gap and pump a hV pulse directly throught the
carbon rod.
Feynman * Moderator
May 02, 2008
You need the spark gap to get the
carbon into a gaseous phase. It
is a precondition for the reaction. One solution may be to place the
rods parallel so that the spark gap is spread on a larger area on the
carbon surface.
UncleFester * Jr. Member
May 02, 2008
Yes, this is a problem with this
particular reaction between these
particular elements, but look at the other elements that are hundreds
of times more powerful than this reaction, in fact the reaction between
carbon is the LOWEST energy potential of all the reactions at only
8KW/g. For instance lithium with an energy potential of 1,910,000 GW/g
is insanely huge and should not suffer the same issues as the carbon.
Also Nitrogen, Helium and Oxygen are listed as high energy potential as
well. If this could be figured out in terms of the B-field alignment of
these gases then it is solved and not just solved, but at hundreds of
times the energy gain of the original carbon reaction!
Yes, the carbon rod being constantly
vaporized is a problem. Simple
mechanical automated means could be used to quickly clean the spark gap
materials but a gas or liquid might be easier to deal with in the long
run. I only ran a dozen one-shot runs like JLN did, so I only saw a
minimal amount of reduction during those runs, but pulsing a thousand
times per second or more would require some sort of cleaning system for
carbon.
[ &c... ]
Your Support Maintains
this Service -- and Your Survival ...
The
Rex Research Civilization Kit
... It's Your Best Bet & Investment in Sustainable
Humanity on Earth ...
Everything @ rexresearch.com, plus the Bonus Files CD !
ORDER PAGE
<< $13, Postpaid Anywhere >>
Rex Research, POB 19250, Jean, NV 89019
USA
rexresearch.com
