rexresearch1
Randall MILLS, et al.
Reactionless Space Drive
Reactionless Space Drive
Brilliant Light Power, Inc.,
105 Terry Drive, Suite 103,
Newtown, PA 18940
https://brilliantlightpower.com/reactionless-propulsion/
Reactionless Propulsion Achieved at Greater than 100 Pounds of Lift.
Jun 17, 2025
The nature of the free electron, photon and absolute space confirmed by the production of over 100 lbs of reactionless lift enabling trans-medium, omnidirectional craft of mega-pound-scale lift to provide unconstrained mobility to transverse the oceans, sky, and solar system using inexpensive commercially available components. At an exemplary very tolerable acceleration of two times gravitational acceleration, the corresponding travel times from Philadelphia to Tokyo Japan, and to the Moon, and Mars are 18 minutes, 1 hour 45 minutes, and 2 days, respectively.
Specifically, as a special exception to Newton’s third law, not considered by Newton, was the absorption of a photon by a free electron moving with positive velocity relative to its absolute-space inertial frame of reference, the frame corresponding to the creation of the electron at rest (i.e. zero kinetic energy above its exact photon production energy). Absolute space conserves the mass-energy inventory of the universe. Conservation of energy and angular momentum of the photon and electron that absorbs the photon requires the photon and its energy transition to the electron at an increased kinetic energy in the initial direction of travel. The transition is reactionless due to the object of reaction being spacetime that propagates the photon. This phenomenon called space drive provides a mechanism for a reactionless propulsion system. Using space drive, the plasma confinement was achieved which is also shown to be the mechanism of the confinement of plasma outside of flattened waveguide and microwave cavity sources of atmospheric pressure plasma jets. Jets spanning lengths that are 100,000 times higher than possible based on the limiting recombination lifetime of plasma in the absence of microwave power to maintain them is shown to be due to space drive. Moreover, the plasma sound speed and plasma pressure were determined using plasma electron density and temperature measurements, and it was observed that the plasma pressure was made directional by space drive with agreement between corresponding calculated and experimentally observed extent of confinement of powerless plasma jets and the maximum lift capability of space drive. Specifically, the observation of supersonic propagating lift of over 46.9 kg (103.3 lbs.) with 330 W of microwave power applied for 40 ms corresponding to 13.2 J is reported. The measured lift for energy absorbed matched physical predictions. This first-of-a-kind space drive prototype demonstrated a weight to power ratio lift capability of about 3 W/lbs. which compares very favorably to that of Starship of 655,000 W/lb.
Space drive lift of 103.3 lbs. using argon + 5% hydrogen plasma in high vacuum system with a bladder to match the initial plasma gas pressure to atmospheric. The effect of the supersonic space drive lift mediated by a dark current of ion-electron pairs creates a sonic boom and significant lift in all tested gases as reported in the attached paper. Note the lifting of the weights on the pedestal seated on a connector to internal quartz weight plates and a gasketed quartz plate lid that compression seals an open-top plasma vessel. The space drive impulse lifts the plate lid to drive the lifting of the weights. The release of some gas of the compression wave to atmosphere creates a vacuum in the vessel as the compression seal is reestablished.
https://brilliantlightpower.com/pdf/Space-Drive-Paper-wfigures.pdf
Reactionless Propulsion
Randell Lee Millsa, D. Hsieha, K. Sadmana
Abstract
A special exception to Newton’s third law, not considered by Newton, was the absorption of a photon by a free electron moving with positive velocity relative to its absolute-space inertial frame of reference, the frame corresponding to the creation of the electron at rest (i.e. zero kinetic energy above its exact photon production energy). Absolute space conserves the mass-energy inventory of the universe. Conservation of energy and angular momentum of the photon and electron that absorbs the photon requires the photon and its energy transition to the electron at an increased kinetic energy in the initial direction of travel. The transition is reactionless due to the object of reaction being spacetime that propagates the photon. This phenomenon called space drive provides a mechanism for a reactionless propulsion system. Using space drive, the plasma confinement was achieved which is also shown to be the mechanism of the confinement of plasma outside of flattened waveguide and microwave cavity sources of atmospheric pressure plasma jets. Jets spanning lengths that are 100,000 times higher than possible based on the limiting recombination lifetime of plasma in the absence of microwave power to maintain them is shown to be due to space drive. Moreover, the plasma sound speed and plasma pressure were determined using plasma electron density and temperature measurements, and it was observed that the plasma pressure was made directional by space drive with agreement between corresponding calculated and experimentally observed extent of confinement of powerless plasma jets and the maximum lift capability of space drive. Specifically, the observation of supersonic propagating lift of over 46.9 kg (103.3 lbs.) with 330 W of microwave power applied for 40 ms corresponding to 13.2 J is reported. The measured lift for energy absorbed matched physical predictions. This first-of-a-kind space drive prototype demonstrated a weight to power ratio lift capability of about 3 W/lbs. which compares very favorably to that of Starship of 655,000 W/lb.
Brilliant
Light Power // Randell MILLS Patents
System and Method of Computing and Rendering the Nature of Dipole Moments, Condensed Matter, and Reaction Kinetics -- US9563746
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A method and system of physically solving the charge, mass, and current density functions of organic molecules using Maxwell's equations and computing and rendering the physical nature of the chemical bond using the solutions. The solutions can be used to solve the dipole moments in molecules or induced dipole moments between species that in turn can be used to solve condensed matter parameters and reaction kinetics. The results can be displayed on visual or graphical media. The display can be static or dynamic such that electron motion and specie's vibrational, rotational, and translational motion can be displayed in an embodiment. The displayed information is useful to anticipate reactivity and physical properties. The insight into the nature of the chemical bond of at least one species can permit the solution and display of those of other species to provide utility to anticipate their reactivity and physical properties.
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS REGARDING SAME -- US10443139
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A solid or liquid fuel to plasma to electricity power source that provides at leas; one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical feel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a material to cause the feel to be highly conductive, (iii) a fuel injection system such as a railgun shot injector, (iv) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides repetitive short bursts of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos to torn! a brilliant-light emitting plasma, (v) a product recovery system such as at least one of an augmented plasma railgun recovery system and a gravity recovery system (vi) a fuel pelletizer or shot maker comprising a s me Her. a source or hydrogen and a source of H2O, a dripper and a water bath to form fuel pellets or shot, and an agitator to teed shot into the injector, and (vii) a power converter capable of converting the high-power light output of the cell into electricity such as a concentrated solar power device comprising a plurality of ultraviolet (UV) photoelectric cells or a plurality of photoelectric cells, and a UV window.
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS REGARDING SAME -- US11230776
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A solid or liquid fuel to plasma to electricity power source that provides at leas; one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical feel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a material to cause the feel to be highly conductive, (iii) a fuel injection system such as a railgun shot injector, (iv) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides repetitive short bursts of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos to torn! a brilliant-light emitting plasma, (v) a product recovery system such as at least one of an augmented plasma railgun recovery system and a gravity recovery system (vi) a fuel pelletizer or shot maker comprising a s me Her. a source or hydrogen and a source of H2O, a dripper and a water bath to form fuel pellets or shot, and an agitator to teed shot into the injector, and (vii) a power converter capable of converting the high-power light output of the cell into electricity such as a concentrated solar power device comprising a plurality of ultraviolet (UV) photoelectric cells or a plurality of photoelectric cells, and a UV window.
THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATOR NETWORK -- US11749415
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A distributed information between plasma based power generating devices which provide at least one of electrical and thermal power and a portal for transmission of information and methods of operating such a network is disclosed. The network may include a plurality of power systems that are organized and controlled to form a communication network.
Power generation systems and methods regarding same -- US12044164
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A power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power and method of use thereof such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell comprising a fuel having atomic hydrogen, nascent H2O; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate a reaction and an energy gain, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condensor, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (viii) a power conversion system.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC ELECTRIC POWER GENERATOR -- US2020366180
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A power generator that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos identifiable by unique analytical and spectroscopic signatures, (ii) a reaction mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; and a molten metal to cause the reaction mixture to be highly conductive, (iii) a molten metal injection system comprising at least one pump such as an electromagnetic pump that provides a molten metal stream and at least one reservoir that receives the molten metal stream, (iv) an ignition system comprising an electrical power source that provides low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to the at least one steam of molten metal to ignite a plasma to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos, (v) a source of H2 and O2 supplied to the plasma, (vi) a molten metal recovery system, and (vii) a power converter capable of (a) converting the high-power light output from a blackbody radiator of the cell into electricity using concentrator thermophotovoltaic cells or (b) converting the energetic plasma into electricity using a magnetohydrodynamic converter.
Thermophotovoltaic electrical power generator -- US2020403555
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A molten metal fuel to plasma to electricity power source that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; and a molten metal to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) a fuel injection system comprising an electromagnetic pump, (iv) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides repetitive short bursts of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos to form a brilliant-light emitting plasma, (v) a product recovery system such as at least one of an electrode electromagnetic pump recovery system and a gravity recovery system, (vi) a source of H2O vapor supplied to the plasma and (vii) a power converter capable of converting the high-power light output of the cell into electricity such as a concentrated solar power thermophotovoltaic device and a visible and infrared transparent window or a plurality of ultraviolet (UV) photovoltaic cells or a plurality of photoelectric cells, and a UV window.
Magnetohydrodynamic hydrogen electrical power generator -- US2022021290
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A power generator is described that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for reactions involving atomic hydrogen hydrogen products identifiable by unique analytical and spectroscopic signatures, (ii) a molten metal injection system comprising at least one pump such as an electromagnetic pump that provides a molten metal stream to the reaction cell and at least one reservoir that receives the molten metal stream, and (iii) an ignition system comprising an electrical power source that provides low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to the at least one steam of molten metal to ignite a plasma to initiate rapid kinetics of the reaction and an energy gain. In some embodiments, the power generator may comprise: (v) a source of H2 and O2 supplied to the plasma, (vi) a molten metal recovery system, and (vii) a power converter capable of (a) converting the high-power light output from a blackbody radiator of the cell into electricity using concentrator thermophotovoltaic cells or (b) converting the energetic plasma into electricity using a magnetohydrodynamic converter.
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATOR -- US2025055363
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A power generator is described that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for reactions involving atomic hydrogen product's identifiable by unique analytical and spectroscopic signatures, (ii) a molten metal injection system comprising at least one pump such as an electromagnetic pump and (iii) an ignition system comprising an electrical power source that provides low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to the at least one steam of molten metal to ignite a plasma to initiate rapid kinetics of the reaction and an energy gain.
ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN-CATALYST POWER SYSTEM -- US2025015309
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An electrochemical power system is provided involving a fuel cell comprising an anode capable of oxidizing a species comprising hydrogen, a cathode capable of reducing O2 or H2O, and a molten eutectic salt electrolyte.
INFRARED LIGHT RECYCLING THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC HYDROGEN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATOR -- US2024079988
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A power generator is described that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for reactions involving atomic hydrogen products identifiable by unique analytical and spectroscopic signatures, (ii) a molten metal injection system comprising at least one pump such as an electromagnetic pump that provides a molten metal stream to the reaction cell and at least one reservoir that receives the molten metal stream, and (iii) an ignition system comprising an electrical power source that provides low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to the at least one steam of molten metal to ignite a plasma to initiate rapid kinetics of the reaction and an energy gain. In some embodiments, the power generator may comprise: (v) a source of H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> supplied to the plasma, (vi) a molten metal recovery system, and (vii) a power converter capable of (a) converting the high-power light output from a blackbody radiator of the cell into electricity using concentrator thermophotovoltaic cells with light recycling or (b) converting the energetic plasma into electricity using a magnetohydrodynamic converter.
Thermophotovoltaic electrical power generator -- US2018159459
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A molten metal fuel to plasma to electricity power source that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H20 catalyst or H20 catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H20 catalyst or H20 catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; and a molten metal to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) a fuel injection system comprising an electromagnetic pump, (iv) at least one set of confinement electrodes that provide repetitive short bursts of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrin reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos to form a brilliant-light emitting plasma.
HYDROGEN-CATALYST REACTOR -- US2019389723
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A power source and hydride reactor is provided comprising a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form novel hydrogen species and compositions of matter comprising new forms of hydrogen, a source of atomic hydrogen, a source of a hydrogen catalyst comprising a reaction mixture of at least one reactant comprising the element or elements that form the catalyst and at least one other element, whereby the catalyst is formed from the source and the catalysis of atomic hydrogen releases energy in an amount greater than about 300 kJ per mole of hydrogen during the catalysis of the hydrogen atom. Further provided is a reactor wherein the reaction mixture comprises a catalyst or a source of catalyst and atomic hydrogen or a source of atomic hydrogen (H) wherein at least one of the catalyst and atomic hydrogen is released by a chemical reaction of at least one species of the reaction mixture or between two or more reaction-mixture species. In an embodiment, the species may be at least one of an element, complex, alloy, or a compound such as a molecular or inorganic compound wherein each may be at least one of a reagent or product in the reactor. Alternatively, the species may form a complex, alloy, or compound with at least one of hydrogen and the catalyst. Preferably, the reaction to generate at least one of atomic H and catalyst is reversible.
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS REGARDING SAME -- US2017070180
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A solid fuel power source that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction, cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a vapor condenser, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (viii) a photovoltaic power converter comprising at least one of a concentrated solar power device, and at least one triple-junction photovoltaic cell, monocrystalline cell, polycrystalline cell, amorphous cell, string/ribbon silicon cell, multi-junction cell, homojunction cell, heterojunction cell, p-i-n device, thin-film cells, dye-sensitized cell, and an organic photovoltaic cell, and an antireflection coating, an optical impedance matching coating, and a protective coating.
EXTREME AND DEEP ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL -- US2022165901
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An extreme and deep ultra-violet photovoltaic device designed to efficiently convert extreme ultra-violet (EUV) and deep ultra violet (DUV) photons originating from an EUV/DUV power source to electrical power via the absorption of photons creating electrons and holes that are subsequently separated via an electric field so as to create a voltage that can drive power in an external circuit. Unlike traditional solar cells, the absorption of the extreme/deep ultra-violet light near the surface of the device requires special structures constructed from large and ultra-large bandgap semiconductors so as to maximize converted power, eliminate absorption losses and provide the needed mechanical integrity.
HETEROGENEOUS HYDROGEN-CATALYST REACTOR -- US2020299130 / US2023045778
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A power source and hydride reactor is provided comprising a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos. a source of atomic hydrogen, a source of a hydrogen catalyst comprising a solid, liquid, or heterogeneous catalyst reaction mixture. The catalysis reaction is activated or initiated and propagated by one or more chemical other reactions. These reactions maintained on a electrically conductive support can be of several classes such as (i) exothermic reactions which provide the activation energy for the hydrino catalysis reaction, (ii) coupled reactions that provide for at least one of a source of catalyst or atomic hydrogen to support the hydrino catalyst reaction, (iii) free radical reactions that serve as an acceptor of electrons from the catalyst during the hydrino catalysis reaction, (iv) oxidation-reduction reactions that, in an embodiment, serve as an acceptor of electrons from the catalyst during the hydrino catalysis reaction, (v) exchange reactions such as anion exchange that facilitate the action of the catalyst to become ionized as it accepts energy from atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, and (vi) getter, support, or matrix-assisted hydrino reaction that may provide at least one of a chemical environment for the hydrino reaction, act to transfer electrons to facilitate the H catalyst function, undergoes a reversible phase or other physical change or change in its electronic state, and binds a lower-energy hydrogen product to increase at least one of the extent or rate of the hydrino reaction. Power and chemical plants that can be operated continuously using electrolysis or thermal regeneration reactions maintained in synchrony with at least one of power and lower-energy-hydrogen chemical production.
BATTERY OR FUEL CELL SYSTEM -- US2012122017
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A power source and hydride reactor is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of catalyst or catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of catalyst or catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a support to enable the catalysis, (iii) thermal systems for reversing an exchange reaction to thermally regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (iv) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, and (v) a power conversion system. In an embodiment, the catalysis reaction is activated or initiated and propagated by one or more other chemical reactions such as a hydride-halide exchange reaction between a metal of the catalyst and another metal. These reactions are thermally reversible by the removal of metal vapor in the reverse exchange. The hydrino reactions are maintained and regenerated in a batch mode using thermally-coupled multi-cells arranged in bundles wherein cells in the power-production phase of the cycle heat cells in the regeneration phase. In this intermittent cell power design, the thermal power is statistically constant as the cell number becomes large, or the cells cycle is controlled to achieve steady power. In another power system embodiment, the hydrino reactions are maintained and regenerated continuously in each cell wherein heat from the power production phase of a thermally reversible cycle provides the energy for regeneration of the initial reactants from the products. Since the reactants undergo both modes simultaneously in each cell, the thermal power output from each cell is constant. Thermal power is converted to electrical power by a heat engine exploiting a cycle such as a Rankine, Brayton, Stirling, or steam-engine cycle. In another embodiment, the exchange reactions are constituted in half-cell reactions as the basis of a unique fuel cell wherein direct electrical power is developed with energy released by the reaction of hydrogen to form hydrinos.
Ciht power system -- US2015171455
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An electrochemical power system is provided that generates an electromotive force (EMF) from the catalytic reaction of hydrogen to lower energy (hydrino) states providing direct conversion of the energy released from the hydrino reaction into electricity, the system comprising at least two components chosen from: H2O catalyst or a source of H2O catalyst; atomic hydrogen or a source of atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the H2O catalyst or source of H2O catalyst and atomic hydrogen or source of atomic hydrogen; and one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen. The electrochemical power system for forming hydrinos and electricity can further comprise a cathode compartment comprising a cathode, an anode compartment comprising an anode, optionally a salt bridge, reactants that constitute hydrino reactants during cell operation with separate electron flow and ion mass transport, a source of oxygen, and a source of hydrogen. Due to oxidation-reduction cell half reactions, the hydrino-producing reaction mixture is constituted with the migration of electrons through an external circuit and ion mass transport through a separate path such as the electrolyte to complete an electrical circuit. A power source and hydride reactor is further provided that powers a power system comprising (i) a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a support to enable the catalysis, (iii) thermal systems for reversing an exchange reaction to thermally regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (iv) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, and (v) a power conversion system.
H20 - BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN - CATALYST POWER SYSTEM -- US2014072836 / US2021313606
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An electrochemical power system is provided that generates an electromotive force (EMF) from the catalytic reaction of hydrogen to lower energy (hydrino) states providing direct conversion of the energy released from the hydrino reaction into electricity, the system comprising at least two components chosen from: H2O catalyst or a source of H2O catalyst; atomic hydrogen or a source of atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the H2O catalyst or source of H2O catalyst and atomic hydrogen or source of atomic hydrogen; and one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen. The electrochemical power system for forming hydrinos and electricity can further comprise a cathode compartment comprising a cathode, an anode compartment comprising an anode, optionally a salt bridge, reactants that constitute hydrino reactants during cell operation with separate electron flow and ion mass transport, and a source of hydrogen. Due to oxidation-reduction cell half reactions, the hydrino-producing reaction mixture is constituted with the migration of electrons through an external circuit and ion mass transport through a separate path such as the electrolyte to complete an electrical circuit. A power source and hydride reactor is further provided that powers a power system comprising (i) a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a support to enable the catalysis, (iii) thermal systems for reversing an exchange reaction to thermally regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (iv) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, and (v) a power conversion system.
Infrared light recovery thermophotovoltaic hydrogen power generator -- CN116830213
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A power generator providing at least one of electrical and thermal power is described that includes (i) at least one reaction cell for a reaction involving an atomic hydrogen product identifiable by unique analytical and spectral characteristics, (ii) a molten metal injection system for injecting molten metal into the at least one reaction cell, the system comprises (iii) a reaction cell comprising at least one pump, such as an electromagnetic pump, to provide a stream of molten metal to the reaction cell and at least one tank to receive the stream of molten metal, and (iii) an ignition system comprising an electrical power source, the power source provides low voltage, high current electrical energy to the at least one stream of molten metal to ignite a plasma to initiate rapid kinetic and energy gain of the reaction. In some embodiments, the power generator may include (v) a source of H2 and O2 supplied to the plasma, (vi) a molten metal recovery system, and (vii) a power converter capable of (a) converting a high power light output from a blackbody radiator of the cell to electricity using a concentrating thermophotovoltaic cell with light recovery, or (b) converting the high energy plasma into electricity using a magnetohydrodynamic converter.
ULTRAVIOLET ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS REGARDING SAME -- WO2016182600
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A molten metal fuel to plasma to electricity power source that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H20 catalyst or H20 catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H20 catalyst or H20 catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; and a molten metal to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) a fuel injection system comprising an electromagnetic pump.
Infrared plasma light recycling thermophotovoltaic hydrogen plasma electrical power generator -- WO2024241185
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A power generator is described that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for reactions involving atomic hydrogen products identifiable by unique analytical and spectroscopic signatures, (ii) a molten metal injection system comprising at least one pump such as an electromagnetic pump that provides a molten metal stream to the reaction cell and at least one reservoir that receives the molten metal stream, and (iii) an ignition system comprising an electrical power source that provides low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to the at least one steam of molten metal to ignite a plasma to initiate rapid kinetics of the reaction and an energy gain. In some embodiments, the power generator may comprise: (v) a source of H2 and O2 supplied to the plasma, (vi) a molten metal recovery system, and (vii) a power converter capable of (a) converting the high-power light output from a blackbody radiator of the cell into electricity using concentrator thermophotovoltaic cells with plasma light recycling or (b) converting the energetic plasma into electricity using a magnetohydrodynamic converter.