rexresearch1
Holger SCHUBART
NeutrinoVoltaic Generator
[ Excerpt ]
Unconventional
Space Flight Inventions
by Gary Vesperman
by Gary Vesperman
Neutrinovoltaic Generator -- Holger Thorsten Schubart
Each second 60 billion invisible neutrinos of different energy levels pass unimpeded through a square centimeter of the earth’s surface. The left diagram is of a single layer, graphene, of interlocking carbon atoms. A microscopically small percentage of neutrinos transfer their kinetic energies to the carbon atoms.
Some of the neutrino kinetic energies self-amplifying resonate with the carbon atoms to vibrate. The vertically vibrating carbon atoms in the diagram are shown as ripples in the graphene.
The other diagram shows a layer of vibrating graphene sandwiched between two layers of conductive electrodes. The two electrodes capture the energy of the graphene’s alternating concave-convex vertical motions to cause an electrical current to flow. A vibrating sheet of graphene 10 microns by 10 microns in area can produce 10 microwatts of power. 20,000 of these sheets can fit on a pinhead. Photovoltaics can only operate as a single layer exposed to direct sunlight. When stacked bottom layers of neutrinovoltaics equally operate as top layers, even when underground. Neutrinovoltaic generators can power appliances, vehicles, and buildings.
https://www.facebook.com/CreativeSociety.en/videos/neutrinovoltaics-how-this-technology-will-change-our-future-holger-thorsten-schu/3619033654985142/?locale=hi_IN
Neutrinovoltaics – How This Technology Will Change Our Future
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSSi88mhzuE
Can We Harvest Neutrino Energy? -- Holger Thorsten Schubart // Tim Ventura
We're joined by Holger Thorsten Schubart, a German tech entrepreneur with the dream of converting graphene lattice vibrations into electrical energy.
Holger is the CEO of the Neutrino Energy Group, which has been working to develop a multi-layer power conversion technology they've dubbed the neutrinovoltaic cell, which they claim is powered by ambient environmental energy that creates graphene lattice vibrations which can be harnessed for power generation.
Unlike it's namesake, the "photovoltaic" cell, which captures EM energy on a 2-dimensional surface, Holger describes the neutrinovoltaic as being constructed in 3-dimensions using a massively multi-parallel arrangement of thin-film stacked sheets of graphene - each of which captures a tiny amount of energy that contributes to the net device output.
Holger claims an output of 3.6 watts per cubic centimeter from today's neutrinovoltaic prototypes, with even higher potential output possible with future refinements over time.
Are neutrinovoltaic cells powered by solar neutrinos? Not exactly: neutrinos are electrical neutral subatomic particles that rarely interact with normal matter - but they're incredibly plentiful. At the surface of the Earth, the flux is about 65 billion solar neutrinos per second per square centimeter, making them a powerful metaphor for the idea of a universe filled with energy abundance.
Holger has stated that he believes passing neutrinos do create lattice vibrations in graphene that contribute to the total energy produced by the cells, but downplays their importance, noting that they are one of many energy sources that cause lattice vibrations, which is ultimately what neutrinovoltaic cells are converting into electrical energy.
Regardless of contributing energy sources, graphene lattices have been shown to produce energy capable of being rectified into direct electrical current, as demonstrated by Paul Thibado's "Graphene Energy Harvester" experiment at the U. of Arkansas. This experiment was unrelated to Holger's organization, but considered relevant and supports energy conversion concept.
https://neutrino-energy.com/
US2021135235
// WO2016142056
FILM MADE OF METAL OR A METAL ALLOY
The invention relates
to a film made of metal or a metal alloy, in particular a film
made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a so-called neutrino or
ntrino film (registered trademarks), to a method of production
and to a use of a film made of metal or a metal alloy.FILM MADE OF METAL OR A METAL ALLOY
The invention relates to a foil made of metal or a metal alloy, in particular a foil made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a so-called neutrino or ntrino foil (registered trademarks), a method for producing and a use of a foil made of metal or a metal alloy.
[0003]
Metal foils, especially aluminum foils, are widely known from the state of the art.
The object of the present invention is to further improve metal foils, in particular aluminum foils. These can then be used to convert invisible solar energy into direct current, in particular by converting neutrino radiation into energy.
According to a first aspect of the invention, this object is achieved by a foil made of metal or a metal alloy, wherein the foil has a coating comprising graphene and silicon.
Additional materials are applied to the metallic carrier in different sequences using different processes (evaporated, sprayed, glued).
The effect achieved is that kinetic energy of radiation (the invisible spectrum of the sun or
Room radiation such as B. neutrinos) is converted into electricity. This is achieved through a nanotechnologically modified lattice structure of the applied materials. The modified and densified lattice structure serves as a braking medium (e.g. doped graphene) which slows down the wave by approx. 0. 1 %o slowed down by molecules of the invisible spectrum of the sun or Space energy molecules of the condensed lattice structure, which does not occur in nature. In the next step, this pendulum movement is transferred to a conductive medium (e.g. B. silicon) and then onto the transfer medium ( e.g. B. aluminum, silver, gallium, etc.).
The metallic carrier or metal alloy may be a common alloy. Advantageously, the foil is made of silver, gold, copper, gallium or aluminum or one of their alloys, in particular of a silver or gold alloy or an aluminum-gallium alloy. A foil made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy has cost advantages. A foil made of silver or a silver alloy achieves better values.
An aluminum alloy can be a common aluminum metal alloy. For example, an aluminum, gold or silver alloy is possible. Other alloys, such as aluminum-manganese, magnesium, copper, silicon, nickel, zinc, beryllium alloys, and mixtures thereof are also possible.
It is particularly advantageous if the foil is made of an aluminum-gallium alloy or of gold or silver, a gold or silver alloy. This has the advantage of higher conductivity by increasing the flow velocity.
It is further advantageous if the film has a thickness of 0.01 mm to 4 mm, preferably 0.01 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably 0.05 mm - 1 mm. Furthermore, the coating may comprise approximately 10% to 80% silicon, preferably 10% to 50% silicon, particularly preferably 25% silicon.
The coating may also comprise 20% to 90% graphene, preferably 50% to 90% graphene, particularly preferably 75% graphene.
It is also advantageous if the coating contains organic or inorganic adhesive components.
Other common joining methods besides gluing, for example by application, are also advantageous.
The coating can be done in individual layered substances or in a mixture. It is particularly advantageous if the nanotechnologically processed substances are layered individually, as this results in higher efficiency, i.e. more electricity is produced. It is particularly advantageous if the coating is a nanocoating in which graphene and silicon are present as nanoparticles. The silicon particles should have a size of 5nm to 500nm, particularly preferably 5nm, and the graphene particles should have a size of 20nm to 500nm, particularly preferably 20nm, since the efficiency increases the smaller the particles are.
Advantageously, the coating has alternating layers of silicon and graphene, in particular 10 to 20 silicon-graphene layers, in particular 12 silicon-graphene layers. 12 layers are particularly advantageous because after 12 layers the tension decreases again.
The performance of the film can be further increased if germanium, selenium, copper oxide or tellurium is applied to the silicon. Further experiments that increased performance were carried out with tantalum, niobium, molybdenum and antimony.
The doping of the graphene contributes significantly to the increase in performance.
Doping can be carried out in vacuum by ion implantation or by neutron transmutation doping. The following particles can be doped with ions. Ferroniobium, nickel niobium, yttrium or samarium oxide. With the help of doping, the area of the graphene is increased by a factor of 10Λ6, which, among other things, leads to an increase in performance. The coating should preferably be carried out in an airtight manner, since the oxidation effect occurs more quickly depending on the doping. Even after the coating has been applied, the surface should be sealed, as the airtightness increases stability. Advantageously, 757g of all materials are used on lkm<sup>A</sup>2. The metallic carrier represents the negative pole, the graphene the positive pole.
In use, the film can be rolled or stacked to achieve the highest values. A DinA4 foil can produce 1 watt. If you stack the foils to make a mobile power station, an insulating layer should be placed between the foils.
The generation of electricity does not cause decomposition of the conductor. The conductor has a negative temperature coefficient. The optimum temperature is 26.2 to 26.7 °C. The film can be used underground and in water and works better at night than during the day.
A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a film from a metal or a metal alloy, in particular a film according to the invention, wherein in a first step a silicon layer is applied to the film, in particular by spraying or vaporizing, in a second step the silicon layer is hardened, dried and rinsed with liquid nitrogen, in a third step a graphene layer is applied to the film and in a fourth step the graphene layer is hardened, dried and rinsed with liquid nitrogen.
Advantageously, germanium, selenium, copper oxide, tellurium, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum and/or antimony can be applied in a further step.
In a further step, the graphene can be doped, in particular with ferroniobium, nickel niobium, yttrium or samarium oxide, in particular by ion implantation or by neutron transmutation doping.
A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a foil made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, wherein in a first step graphene and silicon are pulverized and mixed and in a second step the pulverized graphene and silicon are applied to the foil.
A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a foil made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular for producing a foil according to the invention, wherein in a first step graphene and silicon are pulverized and mixed and in a second step an adhesive layer is applied to the foil and in a third step the pulverized graphene and silicon are applied to the adhesive layer. Other common joining methods besides gluing, for example by application, are also advantageous.
A fifth aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a foil made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular for producing a foil according to the invention, wherein in a first step graphene and silicon are pulverized and mixed and in a second step an adhesive is mixed with silicon and graphene powder and in a third step the mixture is applied to the foil or firmly bonded to the foil. Other common joining methods besides gluing, for example by application, are also advantageous.
A sixth aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a foil made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in particular for producing a foil according to the invention, wherein in a first step an adhesive layer is applied to the foil and in a second step a graphene and/or silicon layer is applied and in a third step a second adhesive layer is applied to the foil and in a fourth step a further silicon and/or graphene layer is applied to the foil. Other common joining methods besides gluing, for example by application, are also advantageous. A seventh aspect of the invention relates to a use of a film according to the invention for generating direct current from invisible solar energy.
The way it works can be summarized as follows: Nature has relatively "wide-meshed" molecules, so that the neutrinos fly through due to their low mass.
Both the atoms in the molecules and the molecules in the material structure must be packed so tightly that some of the neutrinos cannot pass through without touching the particles. The film surface therefore has nanotechnologically processed structures so that, analogous to a mechanical pendulum chain, the molecules push each other and thus a molecular flow and current flow arises from the mass and the kinetic energy (so-called Grid guiding effect). This can be understood as analogous to the flow of current in a wire: the magnet and coil set the molecules in the generator in motion and this is how we can use the electricity.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.
Graphene and silicon are crushed in a mortar or otherwise pulverized (down to nano size). An organic adhesive layer is applied to a commercially available aluminum foil. The silicon and graphene powder is applied to these. This creates an aluminum foil with a coating that is 0.1 mm or less thick. The ratio of the components graphene and silicon in the coating of the film is approx. 75% Graphene and 25% silicon.
https://ritzherald.com/neutrino-energy-an-ideal-power-source-for-self-driving-taxis/
Neutrino Energy: An Ideal Power Source for Self-Driving Taxis
...According to Holger Thorsten Schubart, by piling up ultra-thin layers of graphene and silica and sticking them to a metallic substrate, harmonic resonance can be derived from the mass of passing neutrinos on the entire chassis of the car. This kinetic energy can subsequently be converted into electrical energy...
Ever since the 2015 discovery that neutrinos have a mass that can be used to generate energy, Holger Thorsten Schubart has been hard at work developing neutrino-based energy generation devices for humanity’s future. Assisted by top energy scientists at the Neutrino Energy Group, Schubart projects that the Neutrino Power Cube is only a few years away from completion. With your support, truly sustainable self-driving cars powered by neutrino energy will become a reality even sooner.
https://neutrino-wiki.com/neutrinovoltaic/
Neutrino Energy – Neutrinovoltaic as the next logical Step after Photovoltaic
...The Neutrino Energy Group is presently developing innovative high-tech materials on the basis of spiked carbon derivatives that can be used to convert a portion of the non-visible spectrum into electricity. NEUTRINOVOLATAIC can be compared to a solar cell that provides power even in total darkness, and it will soon be possible to supplement conventional photovoltaic with this new technology. ..
At the beginning of 2015 the Neutrino Energy Group had already published its theory on the conversion of non-visible cosmic radiation into useable energy, and this was then indirectly corroborated by the research of the Nobel Prize laureates in Physics in 2015 who proved that neutrinos posses mass. Two years later scientists from the University of Chicago were able to demonstrate that neutrinos are actually able to cause molecules to move, and this finding represents the very foundation of neutrinovoltaic technology...
In cooperation with highly specialized material researchers, the Neutrino Energy Group has succeeded in developing and patenting a material that is dense enough to be affected by neutrinos (Atomic Vibrations at Nano Materials). The cores of NEUTRINOVOLAIC cells will be made of precisely this substance.
Vertical and horizontal Impulses
In order to attain the required effect, several extremely thin layers of spiked graphene and silicon are applied to a suitable substrate. When neutrinos pass through these layers, they are not captured, but they do give the graphene vertical impulses, while the silicon particles are caused to move in a horizontal direction. When the layers are of an optimal thinness, these atomic vibrations create a resonance that is carried over to the substrate, and the resulting kinetic energy can be converted into electricity. The larger the area, the more power is produced, and even a simple calculation suffices to demonstrate that enough electricity can be produced to one day render power cables and electrical sockets things of the past.
https://neutrino-wiki.com/graphene-based-nanomaterial-paves-the-way-for-fuelless-electricity-generation/
...A genuine breakthrough in developing methods to generate electricity under the influence of invisible spectrum radiation energy fields occurred several years ago. The Neutrino Energy Group’s discovery and investigation of graphene nanomaterial properties enabled the creation of a material capable of converting surrounding radiation field energy into an electric current. The technology used to create the nanomaterial was named Neutrinovoltaic.
The nanomaterial comprises alternating layers of graphene and doped silicon. Graphene (carbon) belongs to the 4th group of the Mendeleev periodic table of chemical elements and has four covalent bonds. Consequently, silicon, which also belongs to the same group, was chosen as the material for the plates placed between the graphene layers. Graphene’s specific conductivity is similar to metals such as copper, but silicon falls under the semiconductor category. To create n-type electronic or electrical conductivity in silicon, it is doped with elements from groups 5 or 6 of the Mendeleev periodic table, as described in patent number EP3265850A1.
The electric current generated by the nanomaterial on the metal substrate is constant. In the nanomaterial, the graphene waves of each layer equally affect both silicon plates, between which the graphene layer is situated. According to Lenz’s law, the induced electromotive force in a closed loop is equal and opposite in sign to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the surface. As a result, charged particles should move in both directions, but they only move in one direction. To achieve this effect, Neutrino Energy Group scientists applied film coatings of alloying elements in each layer, creating a p-n junction that produces a film diode effect. This allows electric current to flow in one direction while blocking it in the other. Presently, scientists can consistently obtain a voltage of 1.5 V and a current of 2.0 A from a 200×300-mm wafer.
Graphene is a unique 2D material, but its behavior can only be described in a three-vector coordinate system. Due to its hexagonal crystal lattice, the thermal motion of atoms and the impact of neutrinos with mass on the core of graphene atoms result in the appearance of microvibrations. The microvibration mechanism enables the generation of electric current. Graphene (carbon) has an atomic number of 12, making its atomic nucleus one of the lightest. This characteristic results in a more pronounced effect when neutrinos with mass collide with graphene atomic nuclei, thus increasing the amplitude and frequency of the „graphene“ wave. This is why the technology’s inventors, recognizing the contribution of neutrinos and other kinds of non-visible radiations in the electricity generation process, named the technology Neutrinovoltaic....
Related:
https://neutrino-wiki.com/physicists-just-found-a-loophole-in-graphene-that-could-unlock-clean-limitless-energy/
A Potential Source of Clean, Limitless Energy
University of Arkansas
Paul Thibado discovered that under the right circumstances, temperature changes caused by ambient heat makes graphene ripple and buckle. Now he’s using this idea to create an energy breakthrough: a device that harnesses the heat all around us to create electricity.