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Stuff &
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Sci-Tech News & Olds
( June 2014 )
Sci-Tech News & Olds
( June 2014 )
Nano-Copper Manufacture Patents ~ A bunch of methods
David MOONEY, et al . : Laser-Activated Stem Cells
Vatican : Jesus Christ Cloned from Shroud of Turin
Club of Rome Report : Alternating Current is Degaussing Earth's Magnetic Field
Zhifeng
REN : Mg-AG-Sb Thermoelectrics
~ Practical conversion of waste heat with new alloy
Open Circuit Design ~ Open source circuit archives / forum
Ada POON : Mid-Field Wireless Transmitter ~ Recharge bioimplants with this technology.
Liposomal Vitamin C ~ Multifold increase in bio-uptake of Vitamin C simply by emulsifying with lecithin..1
Victor KLIMOV : Self-Charging Laser ~ Quantum dots supply Zero Point Energy
Anne MEDDAHI-PELLE, et al. : Nano-Iron-Oxide Suture ~ Instant closure minimizes bleeding.
Nano-Iron Oxide Manufacture Patents ~ For your sutures
Edward LANIER : Vacuplane ~ More photos : would not slip or spin in stall ...
Carlo GIANSANTI : Copper Head Shield ~ Simple mesh mask or cap improves health
Rugero SANTILLI : Anti-Matter Telescope ~ with concave lens
Increase Fuel MPG with Acetone
G. FEINBERG : Superluminal Particles
Nano-Copper Manufacture Patents
CN102583502
Method for preparing nanometer copper-sulfur compounds with controllable morphologies based on chemical vapor deposition method
The invention belongs to the technical field of the preparation of the semiconductor material and particularly discloses a method for preparing copper-sulfur compound nano-crystals with controllable morphology based on a chemical vapor deposition method. The method adopts the chemical vapor deposition method, the temperature and pressure of the reaction system and the product collection area are controlled to prepare different morphologies of copper-sulfur compounds such as copper sulfide nano-crystals, copper sulfide nano-rods, copper sulfide nano-sheets and copper sulfide nano-flower-cluster. The method ///comprises the following specific steps: (1) injecting a solid precursor; (2) controlling the pressure and temperature of the system and injecting a gaseous precursor; and (3) collecting the product. The copper-sulfur compounds prepared by the method are characterized by good monodispersity, high sample purity and the like. The method can also be used to prepare other metal semiconductors such as sulfides, selenides and tellurides; and by changing the reaction conditions of the system, the morphology of the product is regulated and then applied in fields such as the preparation of functional semiconductor elements, photoelectric conversion and catalysis.
CN101407332
Hydro-thermal synthesis method for cupric oxide nano-rod
The invention discloses a hydro-thermal synthesis method of a copper oxide nanometer rod, which belongs to the field of inorganic non-metal materials, and comprises the steps: soluble copper salt such as copper sulphate is dissolved in water and added with an appropriate amount of different auxiliaries to be taken as a composite template agent, NaOH solution is used for regulating the pH value to be 12-14, and precipitate and the solution are heated in a high-pressure autoclave for the growth of the nanometer copper oxide. The heating mode can be microwave heating or resistance wire heating, and copper oxide nanometer rods grow in the solution. The method has the advantages of simple technology and low cost, and uses the composite template agent for controlling the appearance and the size of the copper oxide nanometer rod.
KR20130111036
WO2013147405
METHOD OF PREPARING NANOCOMPOSITE MAGNET USING ELECTROLESS OR ELECTRO DEPOSITION METHOD
PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of a nano complex magnet is provided to manufacture a nano-sized hard or a nano-sized soft magnetic composite magnet powder and a bond magnet or a sintered magnet by using a non-electrolytic deposition method. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of a nano complex magnet using a non-electrolytic or an electrolytic deposition method is as follows. The surfaces of the activated nano particles are coated by dipping the surfaces of the activated nano particles into a plating solution which includes at least one metal ion selected from a group composed of nickel, iron, cobalt, aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, copper, palladium, tin, zinc, and chrome. The activation step is performed by a sensitization process which makes tin ions to be absorbed into the surfaces of ferrite nano particles and an activation process which forms a palladium activation layer on the surfaces of the ferrite nano particles.
CN102943187
Preparation method of nano porous copper
The invention discloses a preparation method of nano porous copper, and relates to manufacture of alloy with pores, in particular to a method for preparing the nano porous copper by adopting a free dealloying technology. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly according to the atomic percent of all elements in target alloy: 50.00-55.00% of Cu, 40.00-45.00% of Hf and the balance of Al, weighing copper pieces with the mass percent purity being 99.99%, hafnium particles with the mass percent purity being 99.99% and aluminium blocks with the mass percent purity being 99.99%; putting raw materials of master alloy in a vacuum electric-arc furnace, smelting to prepare Cu-Hf-Al master-alloy casting ingot; then preparing a Cu-Hf-Al amorphous alloy strip by using the master-alloy casting ingot; and finally carrying out dealloying treatment with low-concentration hydrofluoric acid solution to prepare the nano porous copper belt. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the defects of complex operation, high cost, long production period and inapplicability for large-scale industrial production in the prior art are overcome.
CN102583502
Method for preparing nanometer copper-sulfur compounds with controllable morphologies based on chemical vapor deposition method
The invention belongs to the technical field of the preparation of the semiconductor material and particularly discloses a method for preparing copper-sulfur compound nano-crystals with controllable morphology based on a chemical vapor deposition method. The method adopts the chemical vapor deposition method, the temperature and pressure of the reaction system and the product collection area are controlled to prepare different morphologies of copper-sulfur compounds such as copper sulfide nano-crystals, copper sulfide nano-rods, copper sulfide nano-sheets and copper sulfide nano-flower-cluster. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) injecting a solid precursor; (2) controlling the pressure and temperature of the system and injecting a gaseous precursor; and (3) collecting the product. The copper-sulfur compounds prepared by the method are characterized by good monodispersity, high sample purity and the like. The method can also be used to prepare other metal semiconductors such as sulfides, selenides and tellurides; and by changing the reaction conditions of the system, the morphology of the product is regulated and then applied in fields such as the preparation of functional semiconductor elements, photoelectric conversion and catalysis.
Device and method for preparing nano-composite coatings based on centrifugal force
CN103266342
The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing nano-composite coatings based on centrifugal force, belonging to the field of a composite coating preparing device and a composite coating preparing method. The device comprises an electroplating bath, an anode, a cathode and a conducting wire, wherein the anode is positioned in the electroplating bath. The device also comprises a speed regulating motor, a protecting housing, a graphite brush, a copper strip, a clamp and a bearing. The method comprises the following steps: (A) base materials are preprocessed, and a base material to be electroplated is used as the cathode; (B) the rotation speed of the electroplating bath is determined; (C) the electroplating bath rotates after being electrified, the cathode rotates along with the electroplating bath to start electroplating; and (D) the electroplating bath stops rotating, and the electroplating is finished. The cathode is fixed at the circular electroplating bath and does a circular motion together with the electroplating bath, so that the scouring action on the cathode surface, caused by a plating solution which does the circular motion, is greatly alleviated, more nano-particles are co-deposited by matrix metal, and therefore the nano-composite coatings with high content are prepared. The device has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design and easiness in manufacture.
CN202507618
Copper-clad plate made of nano composite plastics
The utility model discloses a copper-clad plate made of nano composite plastics. The copper-clad plate made of the nano composite plastics comprises a nano composite plastic layer and a copper plate attached and covered on an upper surface of the nano composite plastic layer, wherein the nano composite plastic layer is composed of engineering plastics and inorganic fillers. The copper-clad plate made of the nano composite plastics is composed of the nano composite plastic layer and the copper plate attached and covered on the upper surface and a lower surface of the nano composite plastic layer, wherein the nano composite plastic layer is composed of the engineering plastics and the inorganic fillers. By adopting the structure, the copper-clad plate made of the nano composite plastics has the advantages of being good in heat dissipation, unoxidized, suitable for the copper-clad plates of more power, low in density, low in cost and simple in manufacture process, capable of improving heat resistance, and greatly improving heat dissipation, low in air suction, low in hygroscopicity, and low in size expansion coefficient.
CN102883543
Method for manufacturing conducting circuit by additive process
The invention belongs to the field of manufacture of printed circuit boards, and particularly discloses a method for manufacturing a conducting circuit by an additive process. The method particularly includes steps of adding fillers, solvents and auxiliaries in epoxy resin and polyester resin which are used as film-forming phase matrix resin to prepare a film-forming phase; printing a graph of a circuit in screen printing, intaglio printing and inkjet printing modes; heating and curing in a heat curing mode; then soaking the circuit in solution containing palladium, platinum, gold, silver, copper, cobalt, nickel and iron nanoparticles or ions; washing the circuit by deionized water to remove excess nanoparticles or metal ions; and placing the circuit in chemical plating solution to perform chemical plating for the circuit so as to achieve the purpose of metallizing the circuit. Compared with the traditional method for manufacturing a printed circuit board, the method has the advantages that the steps are simple, materials are saved, and cost is lowered. Besides, compared with a conducting circuit printed by nano-silver printing ink or silver conductive adhesive, the conducting circuit manufactured by the method has the characteristics that cost is lowered, the electric performance is excellent, and adhesive force to a substrate is high.
KR101204307
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING OF FINE COPPER WIRING USING LASER
A method and an apparatus for manufacturing of a fine copper wiring by using laser and a fine copper wiring manufactured thereby are provided to economically manufacture a fine copper wiring by using a CuO(Copper(II) Oxide) nano particle and a deoxidizing agent. CONSTITUTION: A CuO(Copper(II) Oxide) nano particle and a deoxidizing agent are mixed and a copper ink is manufactured(S10). A coating layer is formed by coating copper ink on a substrate(S20). Laser is irradiated on the coating layer. The coating layer on a part irradiated with the laser is sintered and reduced to copper(S40). The coating layer on which the laser is not irradiate is removed(S50).
KR20110139588
FABRICATION METHOD FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISES NANO CARBON AND METAL OR SERAMIC
Also published as: EP2402285 (A1) US2011318504 (A1) JP2012006819 (A) JP5270632
PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing the composite material of nano-carbon and metal or ceramics is provided to easily manufacture the composite material by sintering composite nano-powder. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing the composite material of nano-carbon and metal or ceramics includes the following: A metal layer(2) is coated on nano-carbon(1). The nano-carbon coated with the metal layer is thermally treated to manufacture composite nano-powder. The composite nano-powder is sintered. The nano-carbon is at least one selected from carbon nano-tubes, carbon nano-rods, graphene, and carbon nano-fiber. The metal is at least one selected from copper, nickel, gold, silver, platinum, titanium, zinc, manganese, and gallium.
TW200951063
The characterization and fabrication of high efficiency nanowires of thermal interface membrane
A large area of thermal interface membrane (TIM) is made of a nanochannel structure of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film with copper sub-micron or nano-wires inside. The TIM can transfer heat from electronic product or light emiting doide (LED) surface to heat sink, quickly. This invention TIM is an environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and lightweight material. For the TIM manufacture, an AAO is first made by anodization, and then copper was deposited into AAO by pulse electro-deposition forming copper wires. Because each copper wire is stood in the AAO, it can offer heat flow transfer paths, independently. This invention of TIM manufacture method is combining the traditional anodization process and electro-deposition with nanotechnology, which can potentially be useful in keeping the cost of thermal conductor materials fabrication down.
CN102095518
Manufacture method of high-sensitivity temperature sensor using nano copper and aluminum powder as matrix
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high-sensitivity temperature sensor using nano copper and aluminum powder as a matrix. The method mainly comprises the steps of generating nano copper and aluminum powder by an electrical explosion method, and pressing the powder into a slice like a pill by a pressure tool to obtain the high-sensitivity temperature sensor. The high-sensitivity temperature sensor manufactured by the method has high resistance at normal temperature, and the resistance reaches hundreds of ohms when the temperature gradually rises to 150 DEG C. Therefore, the temperature sensor has high sensitivity to the temperature, and is suitable for the measurement occasions with the requirement on high accuracy and high sensitivity.
CN102095518
Manufacture method of high-sensitivity temperature sensor using nano copper and aluminum powder as matrix
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high-sensitivity temperature sensor using nano copper and aluminum powder as a matrix. The method mainly comprises the steps of generating nano copper and aluminum powder by an electrical explosion method, and pressing the powder into a slice like a pill by a pressure tool to obtain the high-sensitivity temperature sensor. The high-sensitivity temperature sensor manufactured by the method has high resistance at normal temperature, and the resistance reaches hundreds of ohms when the temperature gradually rises to 150 DEG C. Therefore, the temperature sensor has high sensitivity to the temperature, and is suitable for the measurement occasions with the requirement on high accuracy and high sensitivity.
US7893385
RFID antenna gain and range enhancement
This is an invention which addresses the need of the RFID industry to produce antennas which do not detune due to the proximity of other antennas. This invention also addresses the problem of reading RFID transponders which are not in a perpendicular orientation to the interrogator. This invention also addresses the need of the RFID industry to increase the read range of RFID antennas. Although this invention focuses primarily on the interrogator side of antenna gain and range enhancement it is equally applicable to the antenna portion of the base metal material which comprises the antenna structure of a transponder. The useful, non-obvious and novel steps of this invention include a laser ablation process applied to the base metal material, whether copper or aluminum, for the purpose of creating three dimensional nano structures on the surface of the base metal material.; Pursuant to this process the absorption rate of the base metal material is enhanced thereby increasing the gain and range of the manufactured and implanted antennas.
KR20000011687
COMPOSITE MATERIAL CONTAINING DISPERSED METAL CORPUSCLE IN POLYSILILENEMETHYLENE AND THE MANUFACTURE METHOD
Also published as: EP0973049 (A1) EP0973049 (B1) US6416855 (B1) JP2961230 (B1) JP2000025162 (A) more
PURPOSE: The widely used method for dispersing metal particles counted by units of a manometer, has problems that theano-particles are not necessarily inactive in matrix because of high surface energy. Another problem is that the nano-particle can be changed because a chemical reaction happens easily between the surface and matrix. The third problem is, the nano-particles are liable to form coagulation in matrix. Consequently the composite material does not have satisfactory non-linear characteristics, causing light dispersion. CONSTITUTION: A composite material is provided which contains laminated material, which is produced by laminating many polysililentmethylene layers of dispersed nano- particles of gold, platinum, palladium, copper and silver near inside of the highest surface.
CN102184888
Multilayer copper interconnection manufacturing method
The invention relates to a copper interconnection manufacturing method belonging to the field of micro-nano manufacture. The method utilizes the sputtering or atomic layer deposition technology to prepare a copper nitride film, and utilizes a femtosecond laser writing technology to form copper elementary substance at the area needing metal interconnection by using laser decomposition, thus realizing copper interconnection by one step; and since the metal copper is formed by conducting laser thermal decomposition on the plane of the copper nitride, additional chemical polishing is not needed to realize surface planarization.
KR101191088
PREPARATION OF AN ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR AS LIGNIN NANO-PARTICLES BY A PLATING SYSTEM WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
A manufacturing method of a lignin group nano electric conductor using supercritical fluid plating process is provided to manufacture a lignin group nano electric conductor which is not harmful and can be used as a material for absorbing electromagnetic wave and removing static electricity, and to reduce manufacturing cost. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of a lignin group nano electric conductor comprises a step of forming copper plated coating by electroless plating copper plating liquid comprising supercritical fluid, copper salt and solvent, on lignin. The average particle diameter is 5-50 nm. The lignin removes the impurities of ligneous raw material. Lignin components are extracted from the raw material in which impurities are removed. The ligneous material is agricultural waste, wood waste or industrial waste.; A mixture alcohol and benzene is used for the removal of the impurities.
JP2012028243
CONDUCTIVE COPPER PASTE
To provide a conductive copper paste having a novel structure, which need not use a thermosetting resin component nor glass frit for keeping the adhesion with a base layer and an electrical contact with the base layer, and which is suitable for manufacture of a thick conductor layer. ; SOLUTION: The conductive copper paste is prepared by evenly mixing copper powder, fine copper powder, and a copper salt of aliphatic monocarboxylic acid dissolved in (dialkyl amino)alkylamine together with aliphatic polyhydric alcohol as a dispersion solvent, or prepared by evenly mixing copper powder, fine copper powder, and copper nano particles dispersed in (dialkyl amino)alkylamine together with aliphatic polyhydric alcohol as a dispersion solvent. Use of the conductive copper paste allows the manufacture of a sintered compact layer exhibiting a good electrical conductivity.
WO2005101427
CONDUCTING METAL NANO PARTICLE AND NANO-METAL INK CONTAINING IT
Also published as: KR20050101101 // KR100872162
The present invention relates to conductive metal nano particles and an nano-metal ink comprising the same, and more particularly, conductive metal nano particles comprising a metal and a hydrocarbon containing a carboxyl group, a production method thereof, a nano-metal ink comprising the conductive nano particles and a method for preparing printed circuit board using the nano-metal ink. According to the present invention, it is possible to laminate both the production of copper clad laminate (CCL) to bond a copper foil to a film and lithography process and simplify the production process by directly printing a wiring on a resin film in a single process and considerably reduce the manufacture cost and produce highly integrated and highly effective printed circuit board through miniaturization of line width in the printed circuit board. According to the present invention, in formation of a wiring on a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) used in electronic appliances and electrical equipment such as mobile phones, PDA, notebook computers and the like or a wiring of a general appliance, the printed circuit board (PCB) or flexible printed circuit board (FPCB), metal nano-particles for forming the wiring is prepared, the metal nano-particles are converted into ink, which is then printed. The printed circuit board(PCB) or flexible printed circuit board IBPCB) prepared by a novel method is applied to electric and electronic appliances for industrial, official or house hold.
Nano-Silver Manufacture Patents ~ Several complete patents, several abstracts.
David MOONEY, et al . :
Laser-Activated Stem Cells
http://www.theverge.com/2014/5/28/5757952/tooth-regrowth-through-laser-therapy-is-possible-researchers-say
May 28, 2014
Lasers can help damaged teeth grow back, researchers say
By Jacob Kastrenakes
When you damage a tooth, your dentist usually uses a filling or a crown to patch it up. But eventually, researchers say that your dentist might just point a laser at it, encouraging the tooth to regrow on its own. While it's no surprise that light causes reactions in the human body, some researchers have been trying to determine whether specific wavelengths of light might be able to trigger specific healing properties when focused on a certain area of the body. In this case, the researchers pointed an infrared laser at a hole drilled into a rat's tooth and found that it encouraged dentin — the material that makes up a tooth's core — to grow back more than it otherwise would have.
""It would be a substantial advance in the field.""The research was led from Harvard's Wyss Institute and is being published today in Science Translational Medicine. "Lasers are routinely used in medicine and dentistry, so the barriers to clinical translation are low," David Mooney, the research team's leader, says in a statement. "It would be a substantial advance in the field if we can regenerate teeth rather than replace them."
Though the laser light was able to make stem cells turn into new dentin, it wasn't a direct change. Instead, the laser set off a chain reaction, triggering one molecule, which triggered another, which finally set the stem cells in motion. That the researchers have been able to track that reaction all the way back, they say, is critical, because it allows them to actually prove the infrared laser's efficacy, rather than adding further anecdotal evidence to the heap of literature on laser therapies for a clinical study.
The researchers believe that this method, known as low-level light therapy, has the potential to trigger cells elsewhere in the body to similar reparative results. They won't be trying that next, however: instead, they plan to move on to human trials, and they're currently working with one of the National Institutes of Health to set up safety regulations.
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/6/238/238ra69
Sci Transl Med 28 May 2014: Vol. 6, Issue 238, p. 238ra69
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008234
Photoactivation of Endogenous Latent
Transforming Growth Factor–ß1 Directs Dental Stem Cell
Differentiation for Regeneration
Praveen R. Arany, et al.
Praveen R. Arany, et al.
Andrew Cho. Tristan D. Hunt. Gursimran Sidhu, Kyungsup Shin, Eason Hahm, George X. Huang, James Weaver. Aaron Chih-Hao Chen, Bonnie L. Padwa, Michael R. Hamblin, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff, Ashok B. Kulkarni and David J. Mooney
Rapid advancements in the field of stem cell biology have led to many current efforts to exploit stem cells as therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine. However, current ex vivo cell manipulations common to most regenerative approaches create a variety of technical and regulatory hurdles to their clinical translation, and even simpler approaches that use exogenous factors to differentiate tissue-resident stem cells carry significant off-target side effects. We show that non-ionizing, low-power laser (LPL) treatment can instead be used as a minimally invasive tool to activate an endogenous latent growth factor complex, transforming growth factor–ß1 (TGF-ß1), that subsequently differentiates host stem cells to promote tissue regeneration. LPL treatment induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner, which, in turn, activated latent TGF-ß1 (LTGF-ß1) via a specific methionine residue (at position 253 on LAP). Laser-activated TGF-ß1 was capable of differentiating human dental stem cells in vitro. Further, an in vivo pulp capping model in rat teeth demonstrated significant increase in dentin regeneration after LPL treatment. These in vivo effects were abrogated in TGF-ß receptor II (TGF-ßRII) conditional knockout (DSPPCreTGF-ßRIIfl/fl) mice or when wild-type mice were given a TGF-ßRI inhibitor. These findings indicate a pivotal role for TGF-ß in mediating LPL-induced dental tissue regeneration. More broadly, this work outlines a mechanistic basis for harnessing resident stem cells with a light-activated endogenous cue for clinical regenerative applications.
WO2012122081
DENTAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND USES THEREOF
DENTAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND USES THEREOF
Inventor(s): ARANY PRAVEEN RAVINDRA [US]; MOONEY DAVID
Abstract
Embodiments herein comprise the dental treatment system, dental laser system and applicators, and methods for their use in dental pulp capping, wound healing, bone healing, and the induction of differentiation of stem cells.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Embodiments of the invention relates to dental pulp capping, odontogenesis, stem cell differentiation, tissue healing and tissue regeneration.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Laser systems have many useful applications to the treatment of surfaces, in the industrial field as well as in the medical and dental field. Lasers have become valuable medical instruments, particularly in the field of dentistry. For example, dentists use lasers for a variety of purposes: (1) detection and treatment of tooth decay; (2) detection and treatment of gum disease, e.g. reshape the gum and crown lengthening; (3) for obtaining biopsy and removal; (4) for teeth whitening; (5) reduction of tooth sensitivity; (6) promoting nerve regeneration; (7) treatment of temporomandibular joint disease; and (8) treatment of sleep apnea.
[0005] Numerous laser devices and methods of use thereof are available for medical and dental applications, see e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,461,294; 5,336,217; 5,388,987; 5,456, 603; 5,964,749; 6,120,497; 6,273,885; 7,665,467; 7,867,223; US Patent Publication No:2011/0027744. Although the current devices and methods may work well for their intended purposes, they pose some drawbacks. With today's demand and wide variety of different applications, there is a strong desire to develop more versatile devices that can be applied with fewer drawbacks. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Embodiments of the present invention are based on the observations that low power laser (LPL) irradiations can induce stem cells to differentiate. The inventors demonstrated that an infrared (810 nm) low power laser can direct odontgenic differentiation of human dental stem cells; the differentiation was verified by activation of intracellular signaling, extracellular matrix production and calcium deposition. Furthermore, the inventors observed that the LPL induces multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, in turn, is capable of activating the latent transforming growth factor [beta] (LTGF-[beta]) complex as a key signaling mediator, e.g., in oral wound healing. These observations indicate the utility of LPL as an alternative, non-invasive clinical tool in dental applications, e.g., dental pulp capping, and also for stem cell differentiation and related applications, e.g., in oral wound healing, general wound healing, healing of bone fractures or bone fusions.
[0007] It is the objective of this invention to provide a dental treatment system and a dental laser system for inducing, stimulating and/or promoting dentinogenesis, for inducing, stimulating and/or promoting stem cell differentiation, and for inducing, stimulating and/or promoting tissue repair or regeneration.
[0008] It is also the objective of this invention to provide a method of stimulating dentinogenesis in a subject.
[0009] In addition, it is the objective of this invention to provide a method of dental pulp capping in a subject.
[0010] Furthermore, it is the objective of this invention to provide a method for inducing, stimulating and/or promoting stem cell differentiation, and a method for inducing, stimulating and/or promoting tissue repair or regeneration.
[0011] Accordingly, in one embodiment, provided herein is a dental treatment system for inducing dentinogenesis, the system comprising: a source of irradiation, the source being adapted to produce irradiation having a wavelength in the range of 780 nm to 840 nm and a power output in the range of 5 mW to 300 mW; a control element controlling the source of irradiation to turn the source of laser irradiation on and to turn the source of laser irradiation off; and a timer operatively connected to the control element to activate the source of irradiation to produce irradiation for a pre-determined time period and then deactivate the source of irradiation from producing radiation, resulting in the application of a pre-determined dose of irradiation to a target.
[0012] In one embodiment, the dental treatment system further comprising a collimator coupled to the source of irradiation and collimating the irradiation produced by the source of irradiation.
[0013] In one embodiment, the laser treatment system further comprises a switch element operatively connected to and controlling the timer.
[0014] In one embodiment, the switch element is a foot operated switch. The foot switch provides a "hands-free" approach for the operator using the laser treatment system, e.g., the operator is a dentist.
[0015] In one embodiment, the timer controls the source of irradiation to apply a dosage of between 1 - 10 J/cm of irradiation to a target location. In one preferred embodiment, the dosage is 3 J/cm .
[0016] In one embodiment, the source of irradiation produces laser irradiation.
[0017] In one embodiment, the source of irradiation includes a diode laser.
[0018] In one embodiment, the source of irradiation includes a laser selected from the group including but is not limited to gas lasers, dye lasers, semiconductor lasers and solid state lasers.
[0019] In another embodiment, provided herein is a dental laser system for inducing dentinogenesis in a target, the system comprising: a source of laser irradiation, the source being adapted to produce laser irradiation having a wavelength of 810 nm; a control element controlling operation of the source of irradiation to turn the source of laser irradiation on and to turn the source of laser irradiation off; and a timer operatively connected to the control element to turn the source of laser irradiation on for a pre-determined time period and then turn the source of laser irradiation off and wherein the pre-determined time period is determined to apply a dose of 3 J/cm on the target.
[0020] In one embodiment, the target is a living organism. In one embodiment, the target is a location on or in the organism. In another embodiment, the target comprises living tissues that can respond to the irradiation of the dental treatment or laser system. In another embodiment, the target comprises living tissues that comprises a population of stem cells. In one embodiment, the stem cells can respond to the irradiation of the dental treatment or laser system, e.g., differentiate to a cell that is further along the lineage of that original stem cell. For example, the target is an exposed dental pulp having a population of dental stem cells within. Upon the irradiation of the dental treatment or laser system described, the dental stem cells differentiate to odontoblasts.
[0021] In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of stimulating
dentinogenesis in a subject, the method comprising exposing a tissue comprising a population of dental pulp stem cells to a laser output from the dental treatment system or dental laser system described herein, whereby the dental pulp stem cells is induced to differentiate to odontoblasts.
[0022] In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of dental pulp capping in a subject, the method comprising exposing a tissue comprising an exposed dental pulp to a laser output from the dental treatment system or dental laser system described herein, whereby increased dentin matrix is secreted. The induced increase in secretion of dentin matrix is from inside of the tooth and the direction of secretion is outwards of the tooth. This "inside out" approach function to fill in space of the hole where the dental pulp is exposed to the exterior and eventually enclose the pulp. This "inside out" approach is advantageous over the current "outside in" approach because it precludes any bacteria from being trapped within the pulp after capping is completed.
[0023] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method for inducing and/or promoting stem cell differentiation, the method comprising: (a) contacting a tissue comprising a population of stem cells with an effective amount of a metal ion; and (b) exposing the tissue comprising the population of stem cells in step (a) to one or more irradiation, wherein the one or more irradiation are sufficient, individually or collectively, to induce differentiation of stem cells, wherein each dose of irradiation is of a pre-determined period of time resulting in the application of a pre-determined dose of irradiation to the tissue, whereby the irradiation induces the population of stem cells to differentiate.
[0024] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of inducing differentiation of stem cells, the method comprising exposing a population of stem cells or a tissue comprising a population of stem cells to a dose of irradiation for a period of time, wherein the irradiation has a wavelength in the range of 780 nm to 840 nm ranges, and provides an irradiation dosage ranging 2
from 1 to 10 joule per cm within a period of time of between 2 - 8 minutes, whereby the irradiation induces the population of stem cells to differentiate.
[0025] In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of inducing dentinogenesis in a subject, the method comprising exposing a tissue comprising a population of dental pulp stem cells to a dose of irradiation for a period of time, wherein the irradiation has a wavelength in the range of 780 nm to 840 nm ranges, and provides an irradiation dosage ranging from 1 to 10 joule per cm within a period of time of between 2 - 8 minutes.
[0026] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of dental pulp capping in a subject, the method comprising exposing a tissue comprising an exposed dentine pulp to a dose of irradiation for a period of time, wherein the irradiation has a wavelength in the range of 780 nm to 840 nm ranges, and provides an irradiation dosage ranging from 1 to 10 joule per cm for a period of time of between 2 - 8 minutes.
[0027] In one embodiment of any of these methods described, the tissues are exposed to more than one irradiation dose.
[0028] In one embodiment of any of these methods described, the irradiation is laser irradiation.
[0029] In one preferred embodiment of any of these methods described, the dosage of laser irradiation is 3 joule per cm .
[0030] In one preferred embodiment of any of these methods described, the period of time is about 5 minutes.
[0031] In one preferred embodiment of any of these methods described, the laser irradiation has a wavelength is 810 nm.
[0032] In one embodiment of any of these methods described herein further comprising contacting the population of stem cells, the exposed dentine pulp of a tooth, or the population of odontoblasts with metal ions prior to exposure to the laser irradiation.
[0033] In one embodiment of any of these methods described, the metal ion is a divalent metal ion. [0034] In one embodiment of any of these methods described, the divalent metal is selected from a group consisting of lithium, barium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc.
[0035] In one embodiment of any of these methods described herein further comprising contacting the population of stem cells, the exposed dentine pulp of a tooth, or the population of odontoblasts with at least one agent that activates or up-regulates the Wnt pathway. In one embodiment, the contacting is prior to exposure to the laser irradiation. In another embodiment, the contacting is after exposure to the laser irradiation. In the embodiments where multiple irradiation doses are to be applied, the contacting can take place in between the several irradiation doses.
[0036] In one embodiment, the "inside-out" induction of dentine formation in a tooth by the laser-based methods and/or treatment systems described herein served to reduce the sensitivity of the tooth. Accordingly, the treatment systems and methods described herein can be used for tooth desensitization.
[0037] In another embodiment, the "inside-out" induction of dentine formation in a tooth by the laser-based methods and/or treatment systems described herein served to reduce the sensitivity of the dentine of the tooth. Accordingly, the treatment systems and methods described herein can be used for dentine desensitization...
Breaking News
Christ Cloned from Shroud of Turin !
Christ Cloned from Shroud of Turin !
ROME -- According to Vatican Cardinal Carlo Speranza, speaking before a special emergency conclave of Catholic clerics convening in Rome this week, the Savior Jesus Christ ( Emmanuel Nazarene ) has been cloned from blood cells contained in the legendary alleged burial Shroud of Turin, which is imprinted with the ghostly image of a man. The dna was compared with several other holy artifacts claimed to be the Blood of Christ, and it was found to be exactly identical with all but one. The other samples were pooled to proved a complete genetic template. The resulting clone reportedly is extremely handsome, with dark hair, dark eyes, dark skin, and amorphous genitalia.
"Insofar as we can determine, however, he is developing into a mature male -- and the process seems to be accelerating", said Cardinal Speranza.
But it is the clone's spiritual message that is getting equal or even more attention. It has come as a shock to most people to learn that the Clone of Christ is a "Mormon", or "Latter Day Saint", as it were !
[ STORY CONTINUES HERE ]
CLUB OF ROME REPORT WARNING :
ALTERNATING CURRENT IS DEGAUSSING
EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD !
Speaking unusually extra ordinary passion at a conference in Milan, Dr. Gino Ighina ( Prof. of Humanities, Venice University ) told a stunned audience of fellow academics:
"STOP NOW ! Convert to Pulsed DC & Electrostatics immediately ! Alternating Current erases Direct Current -- and Earth is a Direct Current Generator ! Remember magnetic tape cassettes and reels in the 1980s ? Put them near an AC coil, and Pffft ! Gone ! Blank ! Ready to rewrite ! Well, that is precisely and exactly what our AC technology is doing to Planet Earth ! We are erasing the geomagnetic field. The consequences are
cosmic."
Dr Ighina proceeded to present several proven alternative technologies that provide industrial quantities of electrical power from the atmosphere.
[ READ MORE HERE ]
http://opencircuitdesign.com/
Open Circuit Design -- bright ideas. .
. no strings attached
The Open Circuit Design website is the repository for the suite of open-source EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools including Magic, IRSIM, Netgen, PCB, and XCircuit. These tools are all provided for free under the GNU Public License (GPL) or similar open-source license.
Zhifeng REN : Mg-Ag-Sb Thermoelectrics
http://www.toolsforgreenliving.com/2014/05/high-efficiency-thermoelectric-material.html
Magnesium-Silver-Antimony
Thermoelectrics
"This new material is better than the traditional material, Bismuth telluride, and can be used for waste heat conversion into electricity much more efficiently," said Zhifeng Ren, M.D. Anderson Chair professor of physics at UH and the lead author of a paper describing the discovery, published online by Nano Energy.
University of Houston physicists have discovered a new thermoelectric material offering high performance at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 300 degrees Celsius, or about 573 degrees Fahrenheit.
"This new material is better than the traditional material, Bismuth telluride, and can be used for waste heat conversion into electricity much more efficiently," said Zhifeng Ren, M.D. Anderson Chair professor of physics at UH and the lead author of a paper describing the discovery, published online by Nano Energy.
Ren, who is also principal investigator at the Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH, said the work could be important for clean energy research and commercialization at temperatures of about 300 degrees Celsius.
Bismuth telluride has been the standard thermoelectric material since the 1950s and is used primarily for cooling, although it can also be used at temperatures up to 250 C, or 482 F, for power generation, with limited efficiency.
For this discovery, Ren and other members of his lab used a combination of magnesium, silver and antimony to generate electricity from heat using the thermoelectric principle. They added a small amount of nickel, after which Ren said the compound worked even better.
The work was done in collaboration with researchers from the UH Department of Chemistry and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Huaizhou Zhao and Jiehe Sui, a member of Ren's lab whose home institute is the Harbin Institute of Technology in China, were primary contributors; Zhao is now a research scientist at the Institute of Physics with the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The material works well up to 300 C, Ren said; work to improve its efficiency is ongoing.
The potential for capturing heat - from power plants, industrial smokestacks and even vehicle tailpipes - and converting it into electricity is huge, allowing heat that is currently wasted to be used to generate power. Ren said temperatures there can range from 200 C to 1,000 C, and until now, there hasn't been a thermoelectric material capable of working once conditions get beyond the lower levels of heat. Much of the demand ranges from 250 C to 300 C, he said.
Ren long has worked in thermoelectrics, among other scientific fields. His research group published an article in the journal Science in 2008 establishing that the efficiency - the technical term is the "figure of merit" - of Bismuth telluride could be increased as much as 20 percent by changing how it is processed. At the time, Ren was at Boston College.
And his lab last summer published a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences establishing tin telluride with the addition of the chemical element indium as a material capable of converting waste heat to electricity. But tin telluride works best at temperatures higher than about 300 C, or about 573 F, making it important to continue looking for another material that works at lower temperatures.
Ren's group isn't the first to study the new material, which has not been named but is referred to in the Nano Energy paper as simply MgAgSb-based materials, using the chemical names for the elements used to create it. The paper cites work done in 2012 by M.J. Kirkham, et al; that work used magnesium, silver and antimony in equal parts, Ren said, but resulted in impurities and poor conducting properties.
He said his lab found that using slightly less silver and antimony, and mixing the elements separately - putting magnesium and silver first in the ball milling process, adding the antimony after several hours - eliminated the impurities and significantly improved the thermoelectric properties.
"We had much different qualities," he said. "Better, with no impurities, and smaller grain size, along with much better thermoelectric properties."
METHODS OF FABRICATING THERMOELECTRIC ELEMENTS
WO2014058988 // US2014102498
Methods of fabricating a thermoelectric element with reduced yield loss include forming a solid body of thermoelectric material having first dimension of 150 mm or more and thickness dimension of 5 mm or less, and dicing the body into a plurality of thermoelectric legs, without cutting along the thickness dimension of the body. Further methods include providing a metal material over a surface of a thermoelectric material, and hot pressing the metal material and the thermoelectric material to form a solid body having a contact metal layer and a thermoelectric material layer.
ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND CONFIGURATIONS FOR THERMOELECTRIC DEVICES
WO2014011247 // US2013247953
Thermoelectric devices and associated materials and assembly methods are generally described. Certain aspects relate to electrode materials and electrode configurations for use in thermoelectric devices. In some embodiments, the inventive thermoelectric devices comprise electrodes comprising silicon, such as silicides of cobalt, iron, and/or nickel. Such electrode materials can be useful for making electrical contact with a wide variety of thermoelectric materials, including skutterudite materials. The thermoelectric devices described herein can be used to convert applied voltages to thermal gradients and or to convert thermal gradients to electricity.
Thermoelectric Materials and Methods for Synthesis Thereof
US2013256609
Materials having improved thermoelectric properties are disclosed. In some embodiments, lead telluride/selenide based materials with improved figure of merit and mechanical properties are disclosed. In some embodiments, the lead telluride/selenide based materials of the present disclosure are p-type thermoelectric materials formed by adding sodium (Na), silicon (Si) or both to thallium doped lead telluride materials. In some embodiments, the lead telluride/selenide based materials are formed by doping lead telluride/selenides with potassium.
CN103314458
Half-heusler alloys with enhanced figure of merit and methods of making
Also published as: WO2012087931 (A2) WO2012087931 (A3) US2012326097 (A1) KR20140040072 (A) JP2014508395
Thermoelectric materials and methods of making thermoelectric materials having a nanometer mean grain size less than 1 micron. The method includes combining and arc melting constituent elements of the thermoelectric material to form a liquid alloy of the thermoelectric material and casting the liquid alloy of the thermoelectric material to form a solid casting of the thermoelectric material. The method also includes ball milling the solid casting of the thermoelectric material into nanometer mean size particles and sintering the nanometer size particles to form the thermoelectric material having nanometer scale mean grain size.
US2013234375
Methods of Synthesizing Thermoelectric Materials
Methods for synthesis of thermoelectric materials are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of fabricating a thermoelectric material includes generating a plurality of nanoparticles from a starting material comprising one or more chalcogens and one or more transition metals; and consolidating the nanoparticles under elevated pressure and temperature, wherein the nanoparticles are heated and cooled at a controlled rate.
US2013175484
Half-Heusler Alloys with Enhanced Figure of Merit and Methods of Making
Thermoelectric materials and methods of making thermoelectric materials having a nanometer mean grain size less than 1 micron. The method includes combining and arc melting constituent elements of the thermoelectric material to form a liquid alloy of the thermoelectric material and casting the liquid alloy of the thermoelectric material to form a solid casting of the thermoelectric material. The method also includes ball milling the solid casting of the thermoelectric material into nanometer mean size particles and sintering the nanometer size particles to form the thermoelectric material having nanometer scale mean grain size.
CN102742032
Thermoelectric system and method of operating same
Also published as: WO2010138835 // US2012160290 // JP2012528297 // EP2436043
An apparatus includes an evacuated enclosure which comprises: a tubular member extending along a longitudinal axis; a radiation absorber disposed in the enclosure and having a front surface and a back surface, the front surface being adapted for exposure to solar radiation so as to generate heat; at least one thermoelectric converter disposed in the enclosure and thermally coupled to the absorber, the converter having a high-temperature end to receive at least a portion of the generated heat, such that a temperature differential is achieved across the at least one thermoelectric converter; a support structure disposed in the enclosure and coupled to a low-temperature end of the thermoelectric converter, wherein the support structure removes heat from a low-temperature end of the thermoelectric converter; and a heat conducting element extending between the support structure and the evacuated enclosure and adapted to transfer heat from the support structure to the enclosure. The absorber, the at least one thermoelectric converter, and the support structure are arranged as a planar unit located within the tubular member.
WO2012138979
THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR SYNTHESIS THEREOF
Thermoelectric materials with improved thermoelectric properties and methods for synthesis of such thermoelectric materials are disclosed herein. In some embodiment, a method of fabricating a thermoelectric material includes generating a plurality of nanoparticles from a starting material comprising one or more dopant materials and Bismuth Telluride based alloy materials; and consolidating the nanoparticles under pressure at a temperature greater than about 200 DEG C to form a doped Bismuth Telluride based alloy.
US2012180840
SOLAR THERMOELECTRIC CONVERSION
Also published as: WO2008063474 (A2) WO2008063474 (A3) US2009260667 (A1) US8168879 (B2) SG178777
Systems and methods utilizing solar-electrical generators are discussed. Solar-electrical generators are disclosed having a radiation-capture structure and one or more thermoelectric converters. Heat produced in a capture structure via impingement of solar radiation can maintain a portion of a thermoelectric converter at a high temperature, while the use of a low temperature at another portion allows electricity generation. Thus, unlike photovoltaic cells which are generally primarily concerned with optical radiation management, solar thermoelectrics converters are generally concerned with a variety of mechanisms for heat management. Generators can include any number of features including selective radiation surfaces, low emissivity surfaces, flat panel configurations, evacuated environments, and other concepts that can act to provide thermal concentration. Designs utilizing one or more optical concentrators are also disclosed.
Ada POON : Mid-Field Wireless
Transmitter
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WURJ9rgwjs
Stanford engineer invents safe way to
transfer energy to medical implants...
www.extremetech.com/extreme/1...side-your-body
Here come the rice-grain-sized brain
implants:
Stanford discovers way of beaming power to microimplants deep inside your body
Stanford electrical engineer and biological implant mastermind, Ada Poon, has discovered a way of wirelessly transmitting power to tiny, rice-grain-sized implants that are deep within the human body. This could well be the breakthrough that finally allows for the creation of smaller pacemakers, body-wide sensor networks, and a new class of “electroceutical” devices that sit deep in the human brain and stimulate neurons directly, providing an alternative for drug-based therapies for depression, Alzheimer’s, and other neurological ailments. There will of course be the potential for elective, transhumanist applications as well.
The key to this discovery is a new method of wirelessly transmitting power, dubbed “mid-field powering.” As the name implies, mid-field power transfer uses radio waves that sit between near-field (tens of gigahertz) and far-field (tens of megahertz). Near-field radiation can penetrate human flesh, but can only effectively transfer power over a short distance (millimeters). Far-field waves can transfer power over longer distances, but are unfortunately scattered or absorbed by human skin. To create mid-field waves, Poon created a patterned antenna (pictured below) that generates special near-field waves. When these special waves hit the skin, they turn into mid-field waves that can then penetrate a few more centimeters of flesh. (For more on how wireless power transfer actually works, read our explainer.)
Currently, as there’s no good way of (safely) wirelessly transmitting power through human flesh, implants generally need to contain a large battery, which in turn makes the implant way too large to embed deep within the body. As a result, most implants so far have been either large-battery pacemakers that sit just under the skin (with long electrodes that reach into the heart), or cochlear (ear) implants that are near enough to the skin that near-field power transfer is feasible. With the advent of mid-field power transfer, Poon and her friends at Stanford have created rice-grain size implants that can be embedded directly into the heart to function as a pacemaker, or attached to a nerve bundle.
Poon has tested the technology in pigs and rabbits, and humans are next. Stanford says that independent testing has shown the radiation produced by mid-field power transfer is well within safety limits for human exposure. In short, the prognosis for human testing of these microimplants is good. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403002111 - "Wireless power transfer to deep-tissue microimplants"]
PATENTS
WIRELESS IMPLANTABLE SENSING DEVICES
WO2014071079
Wireless power transmission for implantable medical devices
US8634928
Method and Apparatus for Efficient Communication with Implantable Devices
US2013215979
Method of making and using an apparatus for a locomotive micro-implant using active electromagnetic propulsion
US8504138
METHOD OF MAKING AND USING AN APPARATUS FOR A LOCOMOTIVE MICRO-IMPLANT USING ACTIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPULSION
US2013053767
CLOSED LOOP MULTIPLE-INPUT-OUTPUT-SYSTEM WITH REDUCED FEEDBACK OF CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION
HK1106642
ADAPTIVE BIT LOADING FOR MULTICARRIER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
HK1114979
Method and system for closed loop transmit beamforming in mimo systems with limited feedback
CN102364883
Determinitic spatial power allocation and bit loading for closed loop mimo
TWI337815
Apparatus and method to increase a code rate, mimo transmitter, and wireless transmitter
TWI294725
Compact feedback for closed loop mimo systems
TWI294723
Angular domain signal processing techniques
US2007281632
Wireless communication device using adaptive beamforming
US7904117
Apparatus and method to form a transform
US2006235918 (A1)
LIPOSOMAL VITAMIN C
YouTube
How to Make Liposomal Vitamin C At Home
Have you ever wished you could get the many health benefits of high-dose intravenous (IV) vitamin C at home, at low cost? Discover a cheap and simple way to multiply the effectiveness of oral Vitamin C. One gram of this simple megavitamin C can do the work of up to 8 grams of pure vitamin C by intravenous injection! Wellness expert Arthur Doerksen shows you how to make it in your kitchen in less than 10 minutes. The iSonic P4810 ultrasonic unit is recommended. Check Amazon.
Amount to Take: Start with one ounce a day, increase if needed.
IMPORTANT UPDATE - Remember to soak the lecithin granules for 3 - 4 hours before blending with the Vitamin C. With liquid lecithin, use 50% less, no soaking required.
ES2105973
Liposomal composition for cellular regeneration of the skin.
Liposomal composition for cellular regeneration of the skin.
Also published as: ES2105973 (B1)
Liposomal composition for cellular regeneration of the skin, consisting of a suspension of liposomes with a size of 75 to 300 mm which encapsulate each of the active principles glycolic acid, vitamin C and vitamin E. The composition comprises: Content of active principle Liposomal glycolic acid 5.0-30.0% 0.100-0.600% Liposomal vitamin C 5.0-30.0% 0.250-1.500% Liposomal vitamin E 0.0025-0.0100% Excipient made up to 100 ml
http://www.anti-agingresearchcenter.org/bio-technology/liposomal-encapsulated-vitamin-c.html
The Life, Health Implications of LET
Vitamin C
Cardiologist, Thomas Levy, MD JD, a frequent Vitamin C lecturer and the author of two books on the subject theorizes in his book, Curing the Incurable, that it is likely the human body was not intended to get all its ascorbate (Vitamin C) from dietary sources. He presents eight evidences for this theory:
The need for ascorbate (Vitamin C) in the human body for basic maintenance of basic structure and function is essential and fluctuates greatly based on health status and environmental conditions.
Even in IV doses exceeding 200 grams per day, no toxicity for ascorbate has ever been documented.
Human livers have all the ingredients necessary to synthesize ascorbate except one — the enzyme L-Gulonolactone oxidase (GLO).
Humans have the gene required to produce GLO but it is defective in the vast majority of the population.
Some humans apparently synthesize ascorbate as not all individuals deprived of dietary ascorbate develop scurvy.
Most mammals, reptiles, and amphibians do synthesize ascorbate. Some of the larger mammals produce upwards of 100 grams daily.
Intravenous doses of ascorbate have shown powerful antioxidant, anti-toxin and anti-pathogenic properties in humans. (Dr. Levy cites many cases of this including Fred Klenner’s use of ascorbate to cure 60 out of 60 cases of polio in the late 1940s.)
The uptake of ascorbate by the intestines is very inefficient.
electron microscopy showing LET Liposomes
Since Liposomal Encapsulation Technology can deliver virtually 100% of a nutrient directly to the
bloodstream, it promises to eliminate the huge loss of bioavailability when dose sizes of actively
transported nutrients are increased. This bio-availability chart was developed from a study done
by J.L. Groff, S.S. Gropper, and S.M. Hunt which was published in the book Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism, West Publishing Co., 1995, pages 222-237.
Concerning the inefficiency of the body’s uptake of Vitamin C, studies show that the body has an increasing resistance to traditional forms of oral Vitamin C — tablets, powders, capsules — as dose size increases.
J.L. Groff (1995 - see chart at left) demonstrated that less than 2 grams of a 12 gram oral dose of Vitamin C actually gets to the bloodstream. Based on that study, 2 grams of liposomal encapsulated Vitamin C has the bio-availability equal to 24-500 mg tablets of the nutrient.
http://nerdtrek.com/self-powered-laser-pistol-revolutionizes-warfare/
Victor I. Klimov - "Energy From The
Vacuum" - Verification
Self-Powered Laser Pistol Revolutionizes Warfare
Self-Powered Laser Pistol Revolutionizes Warfare
"Five years ago, Dr. Victor Klimov at Los Alamos National Laboratory produced a permanent solution to the world’s energy crisis. This work is printed in leading physics journals of the world and was validated by two US National Labs: LANL and NREL. It is scientific fact so look it up before you disrespect in the comments below.
Nanocrystalline power is what we’re talking about here folks. The solution to the world’s energy crisis lies in tiny nanoycrystalline solar cells which can absorb the light of a specific wave length in such a way that one photon input to a solar cell can energize more than one output electron. When the output electron absorbs a photon, it disappears for a short amount of time into the quantum field. Once in the virtual state, the electron can borrow energy from the vacuum and then appears in our reality. After this the highly excited electron (with all its excess energy taken freely from the active virtual state vacuum) can energize up to 7 output electrons.
This leads to a theoretical coefficient of performance (COP) of up to 700%. A COP = 200% can be easily achieved and it has been, as have been higher values. The experiment has also been replicated successfully and validated by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden Colorado. [Herb Brody, "Solar Power - Seriously Souped Up." New Scientist, May 27, 2006, p 45].
Note that at about COP = 3.0, one could conceivably add clamped positive feedback of one of those output electrons back to the “dive back into the seething virtual state vacuum” input, replacing the original electron input, and the unit would be “self-powering” (powered by energy from the vacuum) while putting out the other two electrons as output.
Or by using some of the output current in a standard photon radiation-producing process, one could have the positive feedback input changed to a radiation photon, to replace the initial solar input entirely.
In this fashion, once “jump started” by some source of solar radiation, the resulting “solar panel” system would become totally self-powering, taking all its input and output energy directly from the seething active virtual state vacuum itself.
Indeed, if many of these tiny nano-crystals are packed together, their output furnishes their own input photons and thus the assemblage becomes “self-powering”. An assemblage about the size of your thumb is sufficient to power a large electric automobile.
It appears that Klimov’s team and its work is being used presently to develop super-powerful but exceptionally small ultra laser weapons that will revolutionize modern warfare. E.g., a powerful, self-powered Klimov laser weapon the size of a bazooka and carried by one infantryman can in principle be developed that can destroy large buildings, destroy hostile tanks and vehicles easily, destroy ships and boats and trains, shoot down hostile aircraft, and — with a small sensor apparatus added — detect and shoot down incoming hostile field artillery rounds.
Such a weapon is self-powering, and so it “never runs out of bullets”. No ammunition resupply is needed.
It appears that the long-desired super-powerful laser pistol is also being developed for U.S. Internal Security civilian guard forces, also as an application of Klimov’s work. Such a pistol will be able to disable or even kill a targeted human or a group of them at a mile and a half. And it will be self-powering."
KLIMOV's PATENTS
Thick-shell nanocrystal quantum dots
US7935419
HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAICS BASED ON SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS AND AMORPHOUS SILICON
US2010236614
Mixed semiconductor nanocrystal compositions
US7888855
Nanocrystal structures
US2009253224
Single-exciton nanocrystal laser
US2009116524
CARRIER MULTIPLICATION IN QUANTUM-CONFINED SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
WO2006110919
MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOCRYSTALS
WO2006060355
NON-CONTACT PUMPING OF LIGHT EMITTERS VIA NON-RADIATIVE ENERGY TRANSFER
WO2005117124
COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOT LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
WO2005094271
NANOCRYSTAL/SOL-GEL NANOCOMPOSITES
WO2005047573
NANOCRYSTAL/SOL-GEL NANOCOMPOSITES
WO2005049711
Semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots and metallic nanocrystals as UV blockers and colorants for suncreens and/or sunless tanning compositions
US2005265935
Optical amplifiers and lasers
US6819692
Activation of molecular catalysts using semiconductor quantum dots
US8029652
Optical limiting materials
US5741442
Nanocrystal/photonic crystal composites
US2007063208
Femtosecond chirp-free transient absorption method and apparatus
US6191861
Nano-Iron Oxide Suture
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1002/anie.201401043/
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201401043
Organ Repair, Hemostasis, and In Vivo
Bonding of Medical Devices by Aqueous Solutions of
Nanoparticles
Authors -- Prof. Dr. Anne Meddahi-Pellé, Aurélie Legrand, Dr. Alba Marcellan, Liliane Louedec, Prof. Dr. Didier Letourneur, Prof. Dr. Ludwik Leibler
Authors -- Prof. Dr. Anne Meddahi-Pellé, Aurélie Legrand, Dr. Alba Marcellan, Liliane Louedec, Prof. Dr. Didier Letourneur, Prof. Dr. Ludwik Leibler
Abstract
Sutures are traumatic to soft connective tissues, such as liver or lungs. Polymer tissue adhesives require complex in vivo control of polymerization or cross-linking reactions and currently suffer from being toxic, weak, or inefficient within the wet conditions of the body. Herein, we demonstrate using Stöber silica or iron oxide nanoparticles that nanobridging, that is, adhesion by aqueous nanoparticle solutions, can be used in vivo in rats to achieve rapid and strong closure and healing of deep wounds in skin and liver. Nanoparticles were also used to fix polymer membranes to tissues even in the presence of blood flow, such as occurring after liver resection, yielding permanent hemostasis within a minute. Furthermore, medical devices and tissue engineering constructs were fixed to organs such as a beating heart. The simplicity, rapidity, and robustness of nanobridging bode well for clinical applications, surgery, and regenerative medicine.
Stopping bleeding (hemostasis), preventing body fluid leakages, wound closing, and organ repair are everyday challenges in medical and surgical practice.1 Sutures and staples are standard and efficient tools. Still, suturing can be demanding in inaccessible body regions or within minimally invasive surgery. Moreover, sutures are traumatic to tissues especially soft tissues such as liver,2 spleen,3 kidney,4 or lung.5 During last decades, synthetic or biological tissue adhesives that rely on in situ polymerization or cross-linking reactions have emerged as a complementary technique.1c,?6 However, tissue adhesives currently available in clinical practice present significant inherent limitations such as toxicity, insufficient strength, and/or excessive swelling.1c,?6c,?7 Biomimetic approaches and new chemistries that yield polymer materials with adaptable adhesion strength are under development.6b,e,?8 In practice, gluing or sealing with polymers remains a complex process: it requires both stringent storage and preparation conditions before in vivo glue application or in vivo initiation and control of chemical polymerization or cross-linking reactions.
Recently, a novel approach to adhesion of hydrogels has been proposed.9 It relies on the use of aqueous nanoparticle solutions in place of polymer adhesives. The method does not require a chemical reaction: a droplet of nanoparticle solution is spread on a gel surface and gel pieces are brought into contact. Nanoparticles that are adsorbed to gel surfaces act as connectors between the pieces and assure adhesion. The adhesion strength is brought by macromolecules of the gel that adsorb onto the nanoparticles. Under constraint, adsorbed layers are able to reorganize, dissipate energy, and prevent interfacial fracture propagation. The approach is not limited to synthetic hydrogels, and the adhesion was shown ex vivo for two slices of calf liver using a silica nanoparticle solution.
It is natural to extend the principle of adhesion by particle nanobridging to in vivo wound closure (Scheme 1). Nevertheless, decades of research on polymer tissue adhesives has shown how challenging it is to achieve an adequate adhesion in the presence of blood, and in particular within a short time compatible with clinical practice. Moreover, adhesive joints have to withstand after-closure constraints of in vivo conditions, such as tissue motion or body-fluid flow. Herein, we demonstrate the applicability of silica nanoparticle aqueous solutions to repair injuries in two types of tissues, namely skin and liver, in a rat model. We also show that strong and rapid wound closure and repair can be achieved with iron oxide nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles are metabolizable and, as an additional boon, they could provide a contrast in magnetic resonance imaging enabling clinical in situ observations.10
The concept of nanobridging for wound closure. Left: A droplet of nanoparticle solution is spread with a micropipette or a brush at the wound surface of a tissue. Right: The wound edges are brought into contact by gentle manual pressure (blue arrows). Nanoparticles adsorbed onto tissue components at the site of injury form numerous connectors that link wound edges together (inset).
Wound closure is not the only area of applications that could benefit from adhesion brought by nanoparticles. For example, hepatic resection has been increasing in frequency in the management of metastatic or primary neoplasms of the liver. Although mortality for this procedure has steadily decreased, the morbidity mainly associated with operative time and blood loss remains high, especially in cirrhotic patients. During hepatic resection, control of bleeding is a crucial problem faced by surgeons.2,?5a,?7c,?11 We show herein that particle nanobridging can provide a means for rapid and permanent hemostasis after rat liver resection. To this end a polymer synthetic film was coated by nanoparticles by adsorbing nanoparticles onto its surface and spread to cover the intensely bleeding liver section. Strong adhesion and permanent hemostasis were achieved within a minute.
To illustrate possibilities of nanobridging to attach medical and tissue engineering devices to organs, we permanently fastened a 3D tissue-engineering scaffold to a beating rat heart.
To optimize adsorption onto tissue surface it is advantageous to avoid using nanoparticles that are stabilized by polymer layers. Indeed, grafted or adsorbed polymers can be effectively repelled by intercellular (macro)molecules and thus prevent adsorption of particles onto tissue surface. Thus nanoparticles that have been optimized to circulate in the body are to be avoided. Two types of nanoparticles were thus used in this study. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2NP) with radius of about 50 nm (Supporting Information, Figure S3) were synthesized by the Stöber method and applied as a solution in deionized water at concentration of 30 wt?% (pH 8.5) or, when indicated, as a powder. Iron oxide Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3NP) were purchased from Alfa Aeser, stabilized by citric acid, peptized, and used in aqueous solution in milli-Q water at 42 g?L-1 (Supporting Information, Figure S4).
All procedures and animal treatment were in accordance with the Principles of Laboratory Animal Care issued by the National Society for Medical Research (authorization no. 006235 from French ministry of agriculture). For cutaneous wounds, the selection of the closure device depends essentially on the depth of the wound. For superficial lacerations, use of suture, adhesive tapes, and cyanoacrylate adhesives such as 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate, N-butul-2-cyanoacrylate-methacryloxysulfolane, N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) are the current methods of choice in humans.1c For deep wounds, closure suturing is the clinical gold standard (Figure 1).1a,b,?12 Indeed, cyanoacrylate adhesives provoke local tissue reaction (toxicity and/or inflammation) and form layers that prevent tissue direct contact (Figure 1).
In vivo comparison of repair by SiO2NP nanobridging, by suturing, and by cyanoacrylate glue of full-thickness dorsal skin injury in a Wistar rat model. A drop of SiO2NP solution was put onto a wound edge with a brush and the two wound edges were gently pressed into contact for about a minute. The other wounds were closed with a non-resorbable suture (Ethicon 4/0) and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (Dermabond). At day 3 post-surgery, no wound leakages, infection, or inflammatory reactions were observed after nanobridging with SiO2NP. The rat skin closure achieved with nanoparticles and the suture were comparable. For the cyanoacrylate glue, the wound edges were not bonded correctly. Histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Phloxin-Saffron stain.
In contrast, nanoparticles should not lead to formation of a rigid macroscopic barrier, and thanks to their size should not affect substantially the natural wound healing process. We therefore aimed for repair by nanobridging of full thickness cutaneous incisions and compared resulting healing with that of sutured incisions in Wistar rats. Because the healing depends of the thickness of the skin and of the local skin state of tension,1a,?13 we investigated the efficiency of nanobridging in two different sites: the thin abdominal skin and the thick dorsal skin and results were comparable.
In Figure 1, a dorsal wound of 1.5 cm in length and 3 mm in depth was nanobridged by Stöber silica (SiO2NP and results compared to a standard suture by non-resorbable clinical thread (4/0, Ethicon) and commercial cyanoacrylate glue (Dermabond). Nanoparticle solutions were spread with a brush (n=6) or a micropipette (n=5) on one edge of the wound and two edges were brought together manually and pressed into contact (Supporting Information, Figure S1, Movie S1). By using a micropipette, we could vary the volume of nanoparticle solution spread (from 2 µL to 15 µL). Excess solution, which rose to the wound surface, was removed with a compress. The wound edges were maintained in contact manually for less than one minute after which time the wound has closed. For all of the animals, wounds did not reopen during the follow up. The macroscopic results evidenced no pathological inflammation or necrosis (Figure 1). Figure 2 shows results for deep dorsal wound closure achieved with metabolizable10 iron oxide nanoparticles.
Skin wound closure with Fe2O3NP solution. After skin injury, 4 µL of Fe2O3NP solution was soaked onto one edge of the wound. A thin and aesthetic scar was observed. At day 7 post-injury, the histological sections stained with Hematoxylin-Phloxin-Saffron stain evidenced the site of the injury as a very thin line (blue arrows). Magnification (inset) of this area revealed a normal repair process and some particle aggregates along the wound closure.
For all of the tested nanoparticles, scars were aesthetic (Figure 1 and 2), a feature which bodes well for many areas of skin surgery. Furthermore, nanobridging allows easily repositioning and adjusting wound edges to obtain an optimal alignment. Repositioning is in principle possible for suturing, but it requires removal of suture by trained personnel and increases operation time, and adds to local trauma that delays healing.
The presence of nanoparticles applied by brush or micropipette does not modify the first stages of healing process, namely vascular clot formation and inflammation that prevent bleeding and remove cells and dying tissue.14 As for sutures, the granulation tissue formed a new connective matrix serving as a migration structure for the cells (Figure 1). For Fe2O3 particles,
Hematoxylin-Phloxine-Saffron staining reveals the presence of small amount of aggregates (Figure 2). Controlling particle aggregation is important. Indeed, when powders of silica nanoparticle rather than solutions were spread, the particle agglomerates limit wound closure and healing (Supporting Information, Figure S2).
Cauterization, sutures, or hemostatic sealants can treat surface lacerations of soft and wet tissues deeply penetrated by blood such as liver, spleen, or kidney.2,?11a–d,g However, use of these techniques for deep wounds closure is very challenging. A 1.5 cm long and 6 mm deep horizontal incision on a right hepatic rat lobe was performed with a scalpel. In control experiments, the mechanical pressure did not yield any permanent hemostasis in the absence of nanoparticle solution and lead to hemorrhage and death. To repair, SiO2 or Fe2O3 nanoparticle solutions were deposited to the bleeding injury area with a pipette. The two edges of the wound were brought manually together and kept in contact. After about 1 min hemostasis was complete, and the injury stayed closed (Supporting Information, Movie S2). The rats were monitored during the acute post-surgery, and no bleeding syndrome was detected (n=3). At day 3 post-surgery, stereo-macroscopic observation of the liver showed a thin scar tissue (Figure 3). Histological studies revealed the presence of thin granulation tissue between the two edges of the injury. Nanobridging not only assured hemostasis, biliostasis, and wound closure, but liver function was also not affected by the application of nanoparticle solutions. Alat and Asat enzymes were in normal range, respectively, 26 U?L-1 and 81 U?L-1 before surgery and 24 U?L-1 and 74 U?L-1 3 days after repair by SiO2NP. The total bilirubin was in the normal range (1.4 µmol?L-1 and 1.5 µmol?L-1, respectively, before and 3 days post-surgery).
Liver injury repair with Ludox TM50 silica nanoparticles. A 6 mm deep horizontal incision was performed with a scalpel on a right hepatic rat lobe and nanoparticle solution was deposited to the bleeding injury with a pipette, then the edges of the wound were brought together. After about 1 min, hemostasis was complete. Three days post-injury, macroscopic examination of the liver surface showed a thin fibrotic line at the site of the injury (Inset, blue arrows). Histological cross-section of the wound (Hematoxylin-Phloxin-Saffron stain), showing the formation of tissue repair from the liver surface (blue arrow) and along the wound (white dotted line).
For hemostasis after hepatectomy, we propose employing nanoparticles to firmly attach membranes onto bleeding liver section. To illustrate the potential of such an approach, we used a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane with a surface coated with silica nanoparticles.15 PVA film was swollen in phosphate buffer saline solution. The coating was realized by spreading SiO2NP powder on a surface of the swollen film. The unattached silica particles were removed by gently shaking the film. A ventral midline laparotomy (5 cm) was performed on a Wistar rat. The right hepatic lobe was exposed and resection of 2/3 of the lobe was totally transversally cut and the coated membrane was lightly pressed for few seconds against the bleeding section (Figure 4). Hemostasis was immediately obtained. After 15 min of monitoring, the abdominal wall was closed with a Vicryl 4/0 and the rat was monitored during the acute post-surgery without any evidence of a bleeding syndrome. As shown in Figure 4, neither pathologic inflammation nor bleeding was observed at the site of injury three days after surgery. In control experiments, no hemostatic seal could be achieved with PVA membrane in the absence of SiO2 coating.
Hemostasis and medical device securing to tissues. Top: Hemostasis after liver resection. A) The right lobe of the rat liver was sectioned (A) and a wet-PVA membrane coated by SIO2NP nanoparticles was spread to cover the liver section (B). The bleeding stopped within 30 seconds. After 3 days, the liver was explanted and the membrane was still present (C). Bottom: Securing a construct to a beating heart. A solution of Ludox TM50 silica nanoparticles was applied with a brush onto the surface of a beating rat heart. A porous and biodegradable 3D-polysaccharide scaffold was then simply put onto the coated area and it firmly bonded to the beating heart surface (left; Supporting Information, Movie S3). The scaffold was still attached to the heart surface after 3 days.
For a membrane fixed onto liver tissue to stop bleeding, organ motions are limited. In many clinical situations, it is important to secure membranes, medical devices, or tissue engineering constructs to organs that undergo important contractions, such as the beating heart.8a,?16 The application of adhesives is thus much more demanding and, when possible, suturing or cyanoacrylate glues are employed, despite their toxicity and the difficulty of applying in wet conditions. To check whether the adhesion brought by nanoparticles can withstand stringent in vivo conditions and prevent device slipping, we evaluated the ability of nanobridging to fix a scaffold onto the beating heart of rats. Rats were thus anesthesied and a tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were performed. The thorax was opened, and a drop of the silica Ludox TM50 was spread on the surface of the heart with a brush. A 3D-scaffold of 6 mm in diameter made of a porous polysaccharide biodegradable hydrogel optimized for cell therapy16 was brought into contact with the surface coated by nanoparticles and stayed firmly fixed resisting heart contractions and the wet environment (Figure 4; Supporting Information, Movie S3). After 3 days, the thorax was re-opened and the 3D-scaffold was still visible on the heart (Figure 4). Macroscopic evaluation did not show any sign of inflammation and as expected the degradation of the polysaccharide scaffold had begun.
In summary, we have demonstrated that rapid and strong adhesion by aqueous solutions of nanoparticles can be advantageously used in very different clinical situations. For skin wounds, remarkably aesthetic healing was obtained and repair procedure does not require any specific preparation or training. Bleeding control and tissue repair by nanobridging shown herein in the case of liver could be used on spleen, kidney, heart, and lung surgeries. When tight sealing is needed, nanobridging could complement anastomosis and classical suturing procedures. The possibility of securing medical devices could open new applications in repair and regenerative medicine. From the standpoint of chemistry, the principle illustrated herein is not limited to silica and iron oxide nanoparticles, and they are many possible choices of sizes, forms, and surface chemistry. In particular, nanoparticles with intrinsic biological effects, such as silver nanoparticles for skin infection or drug delivery systems, could provide useful options. Translation to clinical practice will require careful safety and toxicity investigations. A better understanding of biological mechanisms of the adhesion by nanobridging will guide the design of future-generation tissue adhesives.
NANO-IRON OXIDE PATENTS
CN102131846
Method for synthesizing supramolecular materials
Also published as: CN102131846 (B) FR2930777 (A1) FR2930777 (B1) US2011059280 (A1) US8536281 (B2) more
The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing a supramolecular material comprising: 1 the reaction of at least one carboxylic diacid, or ester or chloride of such a diacid, with, on the one hand, at least one modifier compound bearing both reactive functional groups capable of reacting with the carboxylic acid, ester or acid chloride functional groups and associative groups capable of associating with one another by hydrogen bonds, in a molar ratio of the reactive functional groups to the carboxylic acid, ester or acid chloride functional groups of between 0.10 and 0.50, and, on the other hand, at least one polyamine, said reactions being carried out successively or simultaneously, and 2 the reaction of the polyamide obtained at the end of step 1 with urea. The present invention also relates to the resulting material, and also to the uses thereof.
CN103531323
Preparation method for magnetic liquid without surfactants
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials', in particular to a preparation method for magnetic liquid without surfactants, and aims at providing the preparation method for magnetic liquid without surfactants. According to the technical scheme, the preparation method for magnetic liquid without surfactants comprises the steps of preparing iron oxide nanoparticle dispersion phases; preparing dispersion medium carrier liquid; compounding magnetic liquid. The preparation method can be used for preparation of magnetic liquid.
CN103288140
Method for simply regulating ferroferric oxide nanoparticle morphology
The invention relates to a method for simply regulating ferroferric oxide nanoparticle morphology. The method comprises: dissolving a ferrous iron salt and a ferric iron salt into water, adding NaOH, adjusting the pH value to 10-12, stirring to obtain ferroferric oxide, filtering, alternately washing with water and ethanol, and drying to obtain spherical ferroferric oxide nanoparticles; and dissolving a ferrous iron salt and a ferric iron salt into water, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and NaOH, adjusting the pH value to 10-12, irradiating under a visible light source to obtain ferroferric oxide, filtering, alternately washing with water and ethanol, and drying to obtain cube-shaped ferroferric oxide nanoparticles or rod-like ferroferric oxide nanoparticles. The method has advantages of relative simpleness, low production cost, easy morphology control, and easy scalization achievement.
USUS8445025
Hybrid Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Polyethylenimine as a Magnetocomplex for Gene Transfection
Also published as: TW201226567 (A) TWI415940 (B)
Disclosed are the nanoparticle and the method for the same, and the preparing method includes steps of mixing polyethylenimine (PEI) with the poly(acrylic acid)-bound iron oxide (PAAIO) to form a PEI-PAAIO polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) and mixing the PEI-PAAIO PEC with genetic material such as plasmid DNA to form the PEI-PAAIO/pDNA magnetic nanoparticle. The PEI-PAAIO/pDNA magnetoplex is highly water dispersible and suitable for long term storage, shows superparamagnetism, low cytotoxicity, high stability and nice transfection efficiency, and thus the PEI-PAAIO PEC can replace PEI as a non-viral gene vector.
Preparation method of chitosan hydrogel containing magnetic nanoparticle
CN102766267
The invention relates to a preparation method of chitosan hydrogel containing magnetic nanoparticle, which comprises the following steps of: (1) dissolving the chitosan powder in 0.5%-5% of acetic acid solution, mechanically stirring until clarification; taking 5-10ml of the mixture obtained in the step (1), adding 200ul-1000ul of magnetic nanoparticle dispersion with the iron content of 1.2g/ml-1.4g/ml, then adding 200ul-1000ul of crosslinking agent, reacting at room temperature for 2h-36h, and conducting Schiff reaction to produce the chitosan hydrogel containing magnetic nanoparticle. The magnetic nanoparticle is polyacrylic acid coated iron oxide nanoparticle. The crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde or a mixture of polyethylene glycol and formaldehyde.; The chitosan hydrogel containing magnetic nanoparticle is brown, transparent and has no significant precipitation and reunion internal, can be used as an auxiliary pressure material for masks used in the burn treatment, so as to enable the mask better fit the face of people and further strengthen the effect of pressure treatment.
CN102515283
Preparation method of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle capable of stably dispersing in water
The invention discloses a preparation method of a magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle capable of stably dispersing in water. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of weighing 10 to 30g of triethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol having molecular weight of 600 to 20000 or polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether having molecular weight of 600 to 20000, adding 0.15 to 3g of an additive into the 10 to 30g of triethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol having molecular weight of 600 to 20000 or polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether having molecular weight of 600 to 20000, putting the mixture into a three-neck flask, putting the three-neck flask with the mixture on a temperature-control magnetic stirrer, heating the mixture to a temperature of 70 to 90 DEG C, adding 0.1 to 3g of analytically pure iron acetylacetonate into the mixture, stirring for 5 to 15 minutes by a magnetic stir bar, wherein in heating, flowing argon is fed into the three-neck flask for protection, heating to a temperature of 150 to 320 DEG C, keeping the temperature for 20 to 600 minutes by heating, cooling to a temperature below 60 DEG C, adding 50 to 70ml of analytically pure toluene or acetone into the three-neck flask, carrying out magnet adsorption, washing by analytically pure acetone twice, and dissolving precipitates obtained by the previous step in water to obtain the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles having sizes of 3 to 50nm. The preparation method provided by the invention has simple processes and is conducive to production. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle obtained by the preparation method can be utilized for the fields of biotechnology, medicine, catalysis and mechanical lubrication.
KR101141716
LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING METHOD OF HIGH-SURFACE AREA IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of iron oxide nano-particle having large area is provided to mass produce the iron oxide nano-particle having large area with low cost. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of iron oxide nano-particle having large area comprises next steps: mixing iron nitrate precursor with organic solvent with a molar ratio of 0.01:1-0.1:1(S110); ultrasonic treating the mixed solution at room temperature with 15-30KHz and 90-110W of ultrasonic wave for 10-30 minutes(S120); dipping the ultrasonic treated mixture using centrifuge; obtaining the iron oxide precipitate and washing thereof(S130); drying the washed iron oxide precipitate at 60-70 deg. Celsius for 20-30 hours(S140); obtaining iron oxide nanoparticle; and plasticizing the iron oxide nanoparticle under nitrogen gas atmosphere at 100-600 deg. Celsius for 4-12 hours(S150).
JP2012036489
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METAL NANOPARTICLE POWDER, AND METAL NANOPARTICLE POWDER
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing metal nanoparticle powder in which sintering among particles is suppressed. ; SOLUTION: The method for producing metal nanoparticle powder with the primary particle diameter of 3 to 500 nm is characterized in that the powder of the oxide, hydroxide, sulfide, sulfoxide, boride, boroxide, chloride, nitroxide and nitride including at least one or more kinds of elements selected from iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, titanium, silicon, ruthenium, rodium, palladium, silver, indium, gallium, rhenium, indium, platinum, gold and mercury, and, a reducing agent are subjected to dry blending, and heat treatment is performed. ; COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT
WO2012036978
IRON/IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE AND USE THEREOF
Also published as: US2011104073 (A1)
The present invention is a silanized nanoparticle composition composed of an iron core with an iron oxide shell. The disclosed nanoparticle compositions are disclosed for use in hyperthermia treatment and imaging of cancer
Method for manufacturing iron oxide nanorod
TWI344940
Preparation method of iron oxide nanorod
CN102134102
Edward LANIER Vacuplane
See also : LANIER VACUPLANE & PARAPLANE
Carlo GIANSANTI : Copper Head Shield
http://www.carlocopper.com/Regular Copper Mask
When the lung receive this energy that we inhale through the copper mask they get reinforced and through the immune system starts clearing them of any bacteria:swine ,or bird flu,malaria, t,b, or any other type of bacteria*.As this energy reaches the capillaries of the lang and starts flowing though the vascular system,energies the veins leading to the heart ,so cleaning them of any cholesterol formation and at the same time reinforcing the muscles of the heart*,
As it travels through the rest of the body, clears all the vascular system to the smallest capillaries,reinforces all the muscles of the organs of the body, liver, kidneys,prostate,etc.etc. and during this reconstructive process eliminates any type of cancer formation in our system.
Anybody who has problem with the HIV infection will notice that their immune system will either suppress this symptoms or maybe eliminate the infection all together*.
I tried to contact some 9/11 organizations related to the problem of breathing caused by the fall of the Twin Towers to the people involved in the rescued or simply staying or living in the area of the tragedy,but was not able to contact anybody, so I decided to write in this web page, and try to prove me wrong.
In the last 8 years of research I have helped dozens of people with respiratory problems,to the most problematic and sever ashma problems and 100% of them had the problem eliminated, I tried it with people with sever paralesys and a few days improving in their movements, try it ,you will feel like a miracle.
*This statement have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkDAEa6AQck -- Carlo Giansanti Copper Invention / American Inventor - Carlo Giansanti
US6266824
Head shield
Head shield
An electromagnetic shielding apparatus for covering and protecting the head of a user from EMF radiation which may be worn by itself or discretely beneath other head gear. A head covering is fabricated from a conductive, non-magnetizable material such as copper, bronze, brass or the like which may be drawn and shaped into a web or mesh material. The resulting shield is lightweight, air permeable and supple enough to be worn beneath other head gear.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention relates to electromagnetic shielding for the head and particularly to a head shield which may be worn alone or in conjunction with other head gear. Specifically, the invention relates to a head shield fabricated from a light-weight metal mesh or web material having openings to permit air permeability.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Living tissues of plants and animals depend on electrochemical potentials for many of their normal functions. Charged species such as sodium, potassium and calcium ions are nearly omnipresent throughout mammalian bodies and participate in or facilitate numerous important chemical reactions. Disruption of or interference with these reactions may occur due to chemical imbalances caused by environmental factors including the presence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) sources, such as power lines, electrical equipment and the like. Recently, EMR sources have been implicated in the development of brain tumors, cancer, headaches, malaise, short-term memory loss and childhood leukemia. Both static electric and magnetic fields (collectively, EMF) as well as radiofrequency (RF) radiation have been implicated in these conditions and diseases. Unfortunately, with modern society's increasing reliance on electrical devices such as refrigerators, alarm clocks, microwave ovens, cellular phones, computers and the like, exposure to EMFs has become more consistent and unavoidable.
Notwithstanding efforts by numerous western nations and Japan to regulate exposure by their people to EMFs as well as regulatory efforts adopted by several states in the U.S., there is disagreement as to the significance of the role EMFs play in the development of disease, notably cancer, in humans. A peer-reviewed report appearing in the British journal The Lancet in December 1999 concluded that there was no link between electromagnetic radiation and childhood cancer in clear conflict with a report by James Clark and David Derbyshire in the Jul. 16, 1998 edition of the Daily Mail that indicated studies conducted by British researches found the use of mobile phones could "disrupt parts of the brain in charge of memory and learning" and could "cause a rise in blood pressure and may harm pregnant women." What is not in dispute is that humans in developed nations are exposed to EMFs as part of the modern environment and that the range of effects due to such exposure is not fully understood. Arguably, reduction or elimination of such exposure in the absence of clear understanding is to be desired. To this end, several attempts have been made in the prior art to reduce exposure by humans to various radiation sources. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,570,476, issued Nov. 5, 1996 to B. B. Olive discloses a cap of metallized fabric to protect the wearer from an electromagnetic field. U.S. Pat. No. 5,621,188, issued Apr. 15, 1997 to S. C. Lee et al. discloses an electromagnetic shielding medium which can be used on the head. The shielding medium can be composed of any highly conductive metal, such as copper, and is fabricated as a plurality of geometrically shaped objects (spheres) held in contact with each other in a generally hexagonal array. U.S. Pat. No. 5,038,047 issued Aug. 6, 1991 to S. S. Still discloses a hood to protect the head from radiation exposure. U.S. Pat. No. 5,022,099, issued Jun. 11, 1991 to C. A. Walton shows a solid helmet to protect the head from radiation.
Despite the efforts of the prior art, each of these devices fails to provide EMF shielding which is not only effective at shielding the head but also which is lightweight, thus making economical use of material, simple to manufacture, air permeable and supple enough to be worn comfortably under other head gear such as caps, hats or scarves.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic shielding apparatus that protects the head of a wearer from EMFs and which may be worn comfortably beneath or in conjunction with other head gear.
A further object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic shielding apparatus which is lightweight and air-permeable.
A still further object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic shielding apparatus which is simple to manufacture and makes economical use of material.
Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part of the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following specification or may be learned by practice of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be better understood with reference to the appended drawing sheets, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a top view of two electromagnetic shielding apparatuses of the instant invention demonstrating different coiling pitches for beanie-configured embodiments.
FIG. 2 is an environmental side view of another embodiment of the electromagnetic shielding apparatus of the instant invention suitable for insertion into a cap.
FIG. 3 is an environmental side view of another embodiment of the electromagnetic shielding apparatus of the instant invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic shielding apparatus 1 for the head. As shown in FIG. 1, the electromagnetic shielding apparatus may comprise a beanie configuration 3, 4 including a basic head covering 2 which is fabricated from a web of coiled and interlocking metal wire 5. Because of its availability, cost and conductivity, copper wire is an ideal material, although any other highly conductive material, including for example, bronze or brass, also would be acceptable. A preferred material is copper wire having a guage size of about 1.0 mm to about 1.0 cm. Importantly, the selected material should not be readily magnetizable in order to avoid inadvertent EMF exposure arising from the shield itself. The beanie configurations 3 and 4 differ in size in order to accommodate different heads but may also differ in construction. For example, the small beanie 3 is made of a heavier gauge copper wire 5 than is the large beanie 4. Moreover, the spaces 6 between the interlocking coils 7 of the smaller beanie 3 are larger that the spaces 8 of the larger beanie 4. Ideally, the pitch of the wire coils should be selected to produce spaces averaging from about 1.0 mm to about 20.0 mm across. Alternatively, the beanies may be fabricated from a metal mesh material. The resulting beanie allows for free air permeability therethrough and is supple enough to conform to the shape of a wearer's head. As configured, the beanie configurations 3, 4 of the electromagnetic shielding apparatus of the instant invention may be worn by themselves or may be worn discretely beneath a yarmulke or similar head gear.
A first alternative embodiment 10 is shown in FIG. 2. As with the preceding embodiment, the electromagnetic shielding apparatus is fabricated as a one-piece structure having a basic head-covering portion 11, a forehead-covering portion 12 and a bill portion 13. The electromagnetic shielding apparatus thus configured may be incorporated into a cap 15, such as a baseball cap. The shielding available to the wearer is extended to include not only the top of the head 16 but also the forehead 17, generally covering the entire brain. It is to be understood that although the electromagnetic shielding apparatus is shown in conjunction with a baseball cap, hats having different configurations such as fedoras or cowboy hats are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention, the electromagnetic shielding apparatus requiring corresponding configurational changes to conform to differing hat types. Use of lightweight materials such as the interlocking coils or mesh used in the instant invention facilitates the ready modeling of these different configurations.
A second alternative embodiment 20 shown in FIG. 3 comprises a one-piece structure including a basic head-covering portion 21 as well as a depending skirt portion 22 and may be worn to cover the entire face 23 and neck 24 of a user so that the entire head is protected from undesired EMF radiation.
Ruggero SANTILLI : Anti-Matter
Telescope
