VSG v2.0 ( 6 Feb 2005
)
As I have said previously, the main material used is pure
carbon, so, I have used a pure carbon 6 mm diameter rod
(see the analysis certificate below). To get a free g rays source to
initiate the main reaction, I have used a Thoriated
Tungsten rod (6mm diameter) with 2.20% of ThO2. A radiations counter is
able to measure 0.46 µSv/h while the ambiant level is 0.10
µSv/h. A such electrode (WT20) is commonly used for TIG
and Plasma welding and I have alredy used it previously in
the High
Temperature Plasma Electrolysis experiment
As, the Prof R.L. Vallée said,
one of the most important thing is to get the Carbon in
gaseous phase, this can be simply obtained by the use of
thin spark gap between the Th loaded tungsten rod (used as
the cathod) and the carbon rod (used as the anode). So,
when the strong discharge current pulse is sent between
them, some carbon is vaporised in the B-Field area while
some g rays are
emitted by the ThO2. All the
required conditions to get the Vallée' Synergetic effect
are gathered...
he Carbon and the Th-Loaded
Tungsten rod assembly is inserted in the axis of a
cylindrical coil. The current pulse is measured by a
current transformer (400:1) loaded with a 881 ohms
resistor. The nuclear reaction (if there is one...) is
monitored with a radiations counter. I have used a
Gamma-Scout® handheld
radiations detector.The Gamma-Scout®
reliably measures alpha, beta, gamma and X-radiations, it
is the latest development in handheld
Geiger counters, designed specifically for homeland
security.
Tests protocol :
1. The two 80000 µF capacitors
are fully charged at 37 V.
2. The function generator sends a
squared pulse to the High Power MosFET switching circuit.
The capacitors are discharged through the 0.051 ohm
resistor and the VSG unit.
3. The strong pulse of current is
trapped with a current transformer loaded with a 881 ohms
resistor. The voltage accros the resistor is measured with
a Shielded Test Lead STL 120 ( 1:1,
1 Mohms/225 pF ) and recorded in real time by the digital
oscilloscope Fluke 123
4. The radiations counter is
checked for some eventual nuclear reactions.
Two tests have been performed,
the first (blank) test has been conducted without
the B-Field, the second test has been conducted in
presence of a colinear B-Field produced by the long
coil placed around the rods. The B-Field produced by the
coil is continuous.
Below, you may see the recorded
voltage accross the Rload resistor with and without the
B-Field. In these scope diagrams, you may notice that the
current pulse is stronger when the colinear B-Field is
activated (red curve).
During
these VSG tests the radiations counter has shown a net
increase of the radiations level when the colinear B-Field
is used. It is interesting to notice that the measured
radiations remain at least 10 seconds after that the short
current pulse has been sent. This increase of the
radiation level when the conditions are gathered shows
that a nuclear reaction seems to occured.
Comments about the radiations level
: It is important to
notice that the higher level of the radiation measured
(0.26 µSv/h) here in this VSG experiment is located in a
common ambiant radiations level range. So, the radiations
level measured in this experiment is safe for your health.
For exemple, when you fly in an intercontinental jet liner
which flies at about 15000 meters, the radiation level is
about 5 µSv/h, this is 1.3 time more than in this VSG
experiment...
Comments : These tests of the
VSG v2.0 are very interesting and need to be developped deeply. If
the effects measured during these tests are not a simple
measurement artifact, they can be directly related to the
Prof R.L. Vallée Synergetic theory and thus, this can be a
real breakthrough and opens a new path in free and clean
energy production.
After more than 20 test runs with the VSG
v2.0, I have noticed that the measured signal becomes more
irregular than during the first serie of tests. I have
tried to change the RLoad value to a 21.5 ohms ceramic
resistor, whithout success, the signal was still chaotic.
The efficiency has decreased to about 120%. ( see the
results below )
After some investigations to find an
explanation of this problem, I have found that the tip of
the tungsten rod which was in contact with the carbon rod
was entirely covered with a thin carbon powder.
The presence of thin particles of carbon on
the tip of the Thoriated Tungsten rod confirms that some
carbon has been vaporized by the discharge process during
the lot of test runs. Now, I need to clean up the tungsten
and the carbon rod and also the reaction chamber inside
the coil...
After a lot of test runs, I have
encountered the first problem with the VSG, the carbon rod
has melted the plastic tube of the coil and the sparks
have vaporized some carbon powder on the tip of the
tungsten rod, this has damaged the contact area between
the carbon rod and the Th-load tungsten rod ( 8 Feb 2005
). So, after that I have cleaned the tungsten cathod and
placed a new carbon rod, the VSG is now ready for new
tests runs.
The purpose of these new tests is
-- to use the full energy of the capacitor so as to get a
max useable energy at its output. In the previous
experiment, I have used only a very short discharge pulse
(166 µs). Now, in this case the function generator has
been set so as to get a full discharge of the capacitor
... to measure the real current which flows in the carbon
rod with a more accurate method ...
For a better accuracy of the
measurements with the current transformer, I have decided
to use a low resistance shunt (1 ohm) placed across the CT
output instead of the 881 ohms RLoad. This will reduce
strongly the influence of the magnetisation current which
flows inside the Current Transformer (CT) when a high
impedance load is used on its output. The Current
Transformer (CT) used in this test is a 400:1 (15 KVA). To
measure the resistance of the Carbon rod more accurately,
I have used the 4 wires method by measuring the current
and the voltage with two digital multimeters.
You may notice that the major
gain in energy (10 J) is obtained during the first 5 ms of
the discharge process, this can be explained by the
existence of a working point of the VSG. A proper E-Field
and B-Field level must be found so as to get the best
energy efficiency.
VSG v3.1 ( 13 Feb 2005 )
This new version of
VSG seems to give a good energy efficiency, may be that
this is due a stronger E-Field (1214 V/m) and a stronger
B-Field (48 gauss) than in the previous design v2.0. I
shall soon try with a bigger carbon rod and a bigger
solenoid coil to get more nuclear interactions in the
reactor.
VSG v3.5
This version v3.5 of the VSG use
a 6 mm diameter and 60 mm length pure carbon rod and a 6
mm diamter Thoriated Tungsten rod (loaded with 2.20% of
ThO2). A such electrode ( WT
20 ) is commonly used for TIG and Plasma welding and I
have alredy used it previously in the High
Temperature Plasma Electrolysis experiment. A
solenoid coil is tightly wound around the carbon rod, this
coil produces a colinear and continuous (DC) magnetic
field inside the carbone rod, its purpose is to align the
spins of the carbon atoms with the main electric field.
The measured B-Field with a Gaussmeter is about 135 gauss.
To get a true Synergetic effect, the required nuclear
reaction is :
If few carbon atoms are able to interact in this nuclear
process (1st reaction), a superimposed current is produced
by the b radiations during the
reconstitution of carbon from boron 12 (2nd reaction)
while a large amount of vacuum energy is tapped.
To measure the additional current
flow in the carbon, the apparatus is placed in the main
axis of a large toroid coil used as the secundary of the
VSG transformer while the carbon rod acts as its primary.
Two 80 000 µF capacitors are connected in parallel and
charged at 37 Volts, then, these two capacitors are
discharged through the carbon rod with a High Power MosFet
electronic switching unit. During the discharge sequence
The current flow in the carbon rod during the discharge
sequence is measured with a toroid transformer (1143:1)
loaded with a 881 ohms resistor (Rload). All the datas are
recorded in real time with the digital oscilloscope Fluke
123.. The resistance of the carbon rod have been measured
with the 4 wires method.
Test
one : The solenoid coil is not powered (B-Field = 0), the
capacitors are discharged through the carbon rod. The
voltage is recorded with the digital scope, then the datas
are stored in a computer for calculations.
Test
two : The solenoid coil is switched on (B-Field = 135
gauss) few second before the firing sequence. The
capacitors are discharged through the carbon rod. The
voltage is recorded again with the digital scope, then the
datas are compared to the previous one.
Expected results : If a significant change in the
measured voltage between the 'test one' and the 'test two' can be detected, this can be only
explained by the presence of an additional current flow in
the carbon produced by the b radiations.
In the case of carbon, with a
coefficient of effectiveness of 10-5
(1 atom out of 100.000 entering into reaction) and a total
output of 20%, the reconstitution of carbon from boron 12
would provide 8 kw per gram of carbon used.
When the continuous and colinear
B-Field is active, the current flow in the carbon rod
increases significantly.
VSG v4.1 ( 20 Feb 2005 )
This new version of the VSG
uses a bigger torus transformer as a Current Transformer
(CT). It has a bigger turn ratio (1143:1) and will be able
to handle more current flow in the carbon. The inner
diameter of the torus is also bigger, so, in this V4.1, I
have used a 11 mm diameter and 120 mm length pure carbon
rod with a solenoid coil wound around it.
The VSG v4.1 gives a
very good energy efficiency ( Energy factor With/Without
B-Field = 3.46 ), this is due to a stronger E-Field (2030
V/m) and a stronger B-Field (60 gauss) than in the previous
design v3.1. As you may see above, the power factor is also
very high...
http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=1310.0
Single
Circuits Generate Nuclear Reactions
Tesla_2006 * Newbie
Single circuits generate
nuclear reactions
August 01, 2006
Hello, there are many
single electric and electronic circuits can generate
controlled nuclear reactions, totally ecology and of
low costs, I've tested 3 circuits with full results
1) Discharging a
condenser in a carbon rod
When a condenser is
discharged in a carbon rod acelerated electrons hit
the carbon atoms in a fusion reaction creating Boron
in the following reaction
C + e = B
For this process is
needed a fews Kilo-electronvolts (Kev) of energy
powered for the condenser bank
But that Boron atom is a
inestable isotop and desintegrates in the original
Carbon atom in a reversible reaction
B = C + e
This reaction liberates
about 13 Mev, and liberates the same electron used for
the first reaction but with more energy in a way of
beta radiation.
Other detail is than for
each 100000 atoms is bombarded for this electrons
discharge of Carbon only one go in this nuclear
reaction, this is know in physics as the coefficient
of effectiveness.
For a initial volume of
carbon rod there is a minimal energy for start this
process calculated determinated for the condenser
bank and can get that from a single battery,
when this nuclear process begin, electrons in form of
beta radiation can be collected for a toroidal coil
arround of the carbon rod, that toroid must be in the
principle polarized with a little current for align
the magnetic dipoles in the carbon rod for help the
process.
My results was get in the
external toroid about 6 KW in my firsts tests and then
autopowereds devices at 110 VAC, 60 Hz and 220 VAC, 50
Hz , and I've published some results in a web site,
but in spanish http://econuclear.tk
This single nuclear
circuit may be the used for Nikola Tesla in 1931 for
power his electric car, because he use a little
circuit keep in the radio box and have 2 carbon rods
labeled "Here is the power".
2) A magnetic version of
the before mentioned discharge device I build using
the know nuclear magnetic resonance phenomena, all
atoms have a nuclear precesion known as the Larmor
precesion frequency, his value for a magnetic field of
0,5 Teslas is about 21 MHz, this suggest than if we
create a magnetic circuit tuned to this frequency by
the quantum relation E = h * f , the nucleons
proton-neutron area break and there is a nuclear
desintegration and energy liberation.
I test a common iron rod
and place 3 coils, one for the polarization field of
0,5 Teslas, another for generate the resonance at 21
MHz and a third for get de power, in my firsts tests I
get about 10 KW with the starting polarization and
oscillator using less than 100 watts, and autopowered
devices to 220 VAC, 50 Hz and 110 VAC, 60 Hz, I see
the frequency output is the tuning difference between
the resonance Larmor frequency and the external
oscillator, thats say if the nuclear resonance is in
21 MHz and the oscillator was at 21,001 MHz the output
power frequency is in 1 KHz , I see in this magnetic
circuit there is a desintegration of the Fe atom in a
isotope for a delay of time for reciver his initial
state. This method is used in medicine but not used
for energy generation and too many more single than
the here shown system use Uranium , this is an
ecologyc device and low cost in comparation to that, I
wait upload this to the before web site I mentioned.
3) Discharge in gases,
I've build a gas version of the carbon rod discharge
version for proof an aditional phenomena only known in
gases discharge, I use a common fluorescent lamp of 8
watts, a battery generator of high voltage with
voltage doubler, a condenser discharge into the tube
when his voltage exceed the breakdown avalanche state.
I can get from the battery about 2 watts but the tube
light at full power, thats say 4 times the power of
the source Russians work with the SGD ( Self
generating discharge ) in gases for nuclear reactions
of the accelerated electrons with the gas atoms
Very single circuit , an
oscillator a doubler with a discharge condenser
All this circuits shown
there is single electric and electronics circuits, of
very low costs get nuclear reactions such as in the
nature there is spontaneous nuclear reactions in
lighting discharges, carbono 14,etc,.....
Any question to this
email I can answer
gigawattgratis@123mail.cl
Speedy23 * Newbie
Re: Single circuits
generate nuclear reactions
October 13, 2006
Seems very similar to the
Vallee synergetic generator duplicated by JLNaudin
Kator01 * Hero Member
October 14, 2006
I know this one. No, the
valle-stuff is something total different.
Koen1 * Hero Member
April 09, 2008
Well then please explain
what is so totally different about it? It does seem
remarkably similar to the Valle synergetic process as
described on Jean Naudins website... untill I hear
what is supposed to be so totally different about it,
I'm going to assume it is the same thing. After all,
they are both tallking about pumping several KeV into
a Carbon rod, having something happen, and getting
several MeV out of the rod again. And they are also
both talking about the C turning into a B isotope,
which decays back into C again while releasing excess
energy. Sounds crazy, but also very similar.
exnihiloest * Full
Member
Right. In this paper (in
french):
http://franckvallee.free.fr/localhost/plain/content/download/137/535/file/Science%20&%20vie.PDF
it
is said page 3: "with an efficiency of 10-5 (reaction
of 1 atom on 100,000) and a global performance of 20%
the replenishment of 12C from 12B disintegration gives
8 KW per gram". A similar setup to this from
Tesla_2006 is showed page 4. It is said that OU
appears only when the current in the coil around the
carbon rod, provided through the "rh?ostat", is above
a certain threshold. Then the output current is 4
times that given by the capacitor discharge.
Tesla_2006's setup seems to be a plagiarism.
Feynman * Moderator *
Hero Member
May 01, 2008
You have duplicated
this? What voltage and current did you use for
the pulse into the carbon rod? Did you use mechanical
switching or MOSFET/IBGT? Does the rod need to
be a specific type of carbon?
As for the collector,
this is simply the torroid with a small current bias?
Also, what do you mean "with and without the
B-field"? Is this referring to the current
bias on the torroid, provided by a small battery?
UncleFester * Jr. Member
May 01, 2008
I used 30 VDC power
supply and ran it into some 40,000uF caps (2) and used
a mosfet switcher, gate driven by TC4420 gate driver.
You gotta watch the energy levels though. I started
raising the voltage and got some scary large output on
the torroid. It became clear that in order to run
continuously I would need a very large gauge winding
on the toroid in order to handle the pulses. The first
setup was a small 1/8" tungsten rod (Thoriated) and a
1/4" carbon rod. I moved up to 3/8" Tungsten rod and
1/2" carbon rod and that's when things got really fun.
Geiger counter started to really tick at that point. I
shielded everything with aluminum after that just to
be safe. Thin aluminum appears to stop the B-radiation
easily.
Answers:
1.Yes, Mosfet switcher
2. I got my carbon here:
http://www.tedpella.com/carbon_html/carbon1.htm
3. Torroid was setup just
like JLN's with current shunt and separate meter to
read peak pulse current and voltage
4. B-field is the field
that aligns the molecules in the carbon rod, this
increases the effect tens, hundreds, or even thousands
of times over no B-field. The B-field is simply a coil
wound around the carbon rod and a straight DC current
run through it during the firing of the spark gap
(Tungsten to Carbon gap).
Please read and re-read
the JLN experiements on the VSG system. It explains
much better than I and has very good images of
everything. I will send you a photo of my setup if you
like, it's too big to post here.
http://jlnlabs.online.fr/vsg/index.htm
This is the most
promising technology I have seen in more than 15 years
of OU research/experiments! This paired with a high
voltage pulse motor should be able to power any
vehicle or home. My next step is to add multiple VSG's
and get a large generator working on a pulse motor.
Feynman * Moderator
May 01, 2008
Okay thanks, I actually
went and read JLN's stuff and it makes a lot more
sense now. From what I can tell however, he did
not achieve COP>1, although that would seem to be
rather trivial considering the large amounts of power
available. As for self-powering, I am curious
why you are going the pulse motor route?
Wouldn't it be possible to switch the current output
of the collector toroid back into a capacitor bank
(say, via IBGT), for a fully solid-state method of
power storage/conversion?
UncleFester * Jr. Member
May 02, 2008
Minimum of two times
output versus input. That also takes into account time
period (current), voltage and total capacitor input VS
time. I'm sure there are others working on it quietly,
it's too damn good to pass up if used with a HV pulse
motor I.E. Gray. The amazing fact is that the reaction
becomes a compounding equation based on how much
voltage potential is used in the test. Anything above
100 volts or so and you end up with Kiloamperes and at
least three times output versus input. Can you imagine
what a Gray circuit would do under the same
circumstances? You are looking at 10uF charged to 3KV
and you might have problems containing that much beta
radiation, and the output I can guarantee would be in
the 100's of kilowatts output for single digit
kilowatt input.
Remember that Gray's
system (which I've also built) was NOT this high of an
energy gain. The engine would run the equivalent of
500 miles before the batteries needed to be recharged
(granted it was only 4-60AH batteries), so it was NOT
overunity. The big difference here is that Gray was
seeing the same effect as the VSG, but only tenths of
a percent of the energy gain because he was not using
the B-field on his carbon rod, and thus with this
massive energy gain of the VSG we should have a 100HP
high voltage pulse motor that recycles charge just
like Gray's system BUT with a massive lower voltage
pulse in the hundreds of amperes back the batteries as
a side effect. In this case you can clearly see you
have have a car that should a minimum have a range of
1000's of miles possible 5000 or more miles before the
small bank needed to be recharged.
Furthermore the power
supply for this system is simplified to only require a
IGBT, or other high current device to discharge the
capacitor bank, but at much lower voltages. I have
1200V @ 200 Ampere IGBT's here just for that purpose.
The only problem I can see so far is that the carbon
and or tungsten rods would need to be resurfaced so
that the glazing that happens does not eventually ruin
the conduction across them. You would also need to
switch banks back and forth just like the Gray system
in order to avoid problems with the sensitive
switching devices and it would need a decent amount of
shielding for the beta radiation (gamma and alpha is
not a problem in this design). And yes, the whole
system could run on capacitors but they would need to
be huge and made for high current pulse applications.
Not sure if a bank of super caps could be wired in
series and handle the abuse this system would dish out
or not.
Koen1 * Hero Member
May 02, 2008
@UncleFester: Naudins
experiments show that the version he tested went
slightly unstable when the tungsten electrode got
covered in carbon dust from the hV spark discharges...
He then needed to remove the electrode and clean it,
and then it worked nice and smooth again. Naudin also
mentions that free "gaseous" carbon atoms must be
available for the Protelf process to work efficiently.
What are your experiences with carbon dust coating the
cathode and hindering spark discharges? And did you
use the spark gap method shown by Naudin, or did you
use some other method? I ask because I wonder if it
also works if we do away with the spark gap and pump a
hV pulse directly throught the carbon rod.
Feynman * Moderator
May 02, 2008
You need the spark gap to
get the carbon into a gaseous phase. It is a
precondition for the reaction. One solution may be to
place the rods parallel so that the spark gap is
spread on a larger area on the carbon surface.
UncleFester * Jr. Member
May 02, 2008
Yes, this is a problem
with this particular reaction between these particular
elements, but look at the other elements that are
hundreds of times more powerful than this reaction, in
fact the reaction between carbon is the LOWEST energy
potential of all the reactions at only 8KW/g. For
instance lithium with an energy potential of 1,910,000
GW/g is insanely huge and should not suffer the same
issues as the carbon. Also Nitrogen, Helium and Oxygen
are listed as high energy potential as well. If this
could be figured out in terms of the B-field alignment
of these gases then it is solved and not just solved,
but at hundreds of times the energy gain of the
original carbon reaction!
Yes, the carbon rod being
constantly vaporized is a problem. Simple mechanical
automated means could be used to quickly clean the
spark gap materials but a gas or liquid might be
easier to deal with in the long run. I only ran a
dozen one-shot runs like JLN did, so I only saw a
minimal amount of reduction during those runs, but
pulsing a thousand times per second or more would
require some sort of cleaning system for carbon...
