rexresearch.com
Ivan
SHAKHPARONOV
Moebius Band Torsion Devices
Moebius Band Torsion Devices
METHOD FOR
DECONTAMINATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
RU2061266
[ PDF ]
The invention relates to the decontamination and purification of radioactive waste.
[0002]
There are numerous known methods for rendering liquid and solid radioactive waste harmless, based on either calcination or chemical treatment, which are limited in functionality, are not safe during their implementation, and also require expensive equipment.
[0003]
For example, a method is known for disinfecting contaminants with tritium, which consists in connecting a metal part to the negative pole of a direct current, bringing at least part of the surface of said part into contact with a mixture of water and an electrolyte, for example an aqueous solution of soda or sulfuric acid, or water and a solid electrolyte.
An electric current with a density of 10 to 50 mA cm-2 is passed between the part to be disinfected and the anode connected to the positive pole of a direct current generator in order to cathodically charge the hydrogen in the part and replace the tritium adsorbed on the surface of the part with hydrogen [1]. The closest to the proposed method is the method of disinfecting radioactive materials based on the effect of an external electrostatic field on the radioactive material [2]. This method consists of placing the radioactive material to be disinfected inside an electrostatic generator of the Van de Graaff type, operating at a voltage of 250-850 kV. Studies have shown that the lifetime of the particles depends exponentially on the polarity and magnitude of the applied voltage.
This method has a fairly effective effect on the yield of ?, ? and ? particles. The disadvantage of this method is the use of complex high-voltage equipment. In addition, this method cannot be reliably used in the presence of moisture vapor in the atmosphere, which significantly narrows the scope of its application.
[0004]
The technical result of using the invention consists in expanding the functional capabilities while simplifying the method, as well as increasing the efficiency of the method.
[0005]
In order to achieve the technical result in accordance with the proposed method based on the effect of an external electrostatic field on a radioactive material, the external electrostatic field is initiated by a source in the form of a system of conductive strips located on a dielectric substrate folded in the form of a Mobius strip, wherein the conductive strips are provided with contact terminals located on the outer and inner sides of the Mobius strip surface opposite each other.
[0006]
Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the implementation of the proposed method; Fig. 2 shows a device with which the proposed method is implemented; Fig. 3 shows graphical results obtained in accordance with the proposed method.
[0007]
As can be seen in Fig. 1, the object to be disinfected 1 is installed in the area of action of the electrostatic field source 2.
[0008]
As can be seen in Fig. 2, the device with which the proposed method is implemented contains conductive strips 3 located on the surface of a dielectric substrate 4, folded in the form of a Mobius strip.
The conductive strips have output contact terminals 5 and 6, located on the outer and inner sides of the Mobius strip surface opposite each other and connected to a voltage source (not shown).
[0009]
The proposed method is based on the following physical concepts.
It is known that the number of decaying nuclei is greater, the more of them there are and the longer the time during which the decay occurs.
If ?N is the number of parent nuclei decaying over the time interval from t to t + ?t, is proportional to the number N of nuclei existing at time t and the time interval ?t, then in accordance with the fundamental law of radioactive decay ?N ? N ? t, where ? is the decay constant for a given type of nucleus, which represents the relative decrease in the number of nuclei undergoing decay per unit time ? (s-1) The constant ? determines the rate of radioactive decay.
The value ?= 1/ ? is the average lifetime of a radioactive isotope.
[0010]
From the fundamental law of radioactive decay follows the law of decrease in time of the number of radioactive nuclei N No e-?t, where No is the initial number of radioactive nuclei at time t 0; N is the number of radioactive nuclei at time t.
[0011]
On the other hand, it is known from [2] that the statistical law of radioactive decay can be replaced by the law of controlled decay.
This behavior of radionuclides can be explained by the fact that the rest mass of a neutron exceeds the sum of the rest masses of a proton and an electron by 782 keV. Therefore, by applying an electric field of ? 782 kV to a radionuclide sample, it is possible to control their decay.
Another possible method of controlling the decay of radionuclides is known, which assumes the presence of a source of particles, the movement of which in space creates such strong Coulomb fields that the decay process of a radioactive (unstable) nucleus can change.
As is known, the energy for stabilizing a nucleon in a nucleus cannot be less than 782 keV. In addition, such particles must have high penetrating power.
Of all the known particles of this type, the most suitable is the magnetic monopole, predicted by P. Dirac in 1931. When moving in space, a magnetic monopole must excite an electric field around itself that exceeds the electric fields from a monoelectric electron beam, i.e. the most probable agent with which controlled radioactive decay can be carried out is a magnetic monopole.
[0012]
For the specific implementation of the proposed method, a setup consisting of a pulse generator and a monopoly emitter was assembled in laboratory conditions.
The monopoly emitter is made in the form of a Mobius strip with the following dimensions: width of the dielectric base 60 mm; diameter 100 mm.
[0013]
On the dielectric base there are flat copper conductors, glued to the base with glue N 88.
The conductors are paralleled by two conductive strips located inside and outside the emitter cavity. The width of each conductor is 10.8 mm. The distance between conductors is 1 mm. When implementing the method, a pulse voltage with an amplitude not exceeding 2 V is supplied to the emitter at a current of 0.6-1 kA, a pulse duration of 1.6x10-4 s at a level of 0.5 and a pulse frequency of 100 Hz.
[0014]
As can be seen from Fig. 3, a distance of 1.5 m from the monopole emitter is optimal for interaction with the radionuclide, since it is at this distance that the monopole gains the required speed.
[0015]
In the experiment, the studied ampoules with the radionuclide 131J were irradiated for 15 minutes 3 times.
One of the ampoules was installed at a distance of 1.5 m from the monopoly emitter, the other at a distance of 7 s.
The activity of both ampoules was measured using the RKSB-104 device. The background was measured before and after the main measurements. The results of the experiment are shown in Fig. 3, where the error curves 1 and 2 correspond to the results of the studies at distances of 1.5 and 7 m, respectively. The dotted curves are the calculated decay curves of the radionuclide without exposure.
[0016]
According to the measurement results (the arithmetic mean is taken over 5 minutes of measurements), after 15 minutes of exposure to magnetic monopoles on a source with the radionuclide 131J, the number of decays was 70.
After 45 minutes of exposure, the number of decays was also 70. As can be seen from curve 1 (Fig. 3), 72 hours after exposure the number of decays was 82, after 96 hours 75 decays. The frictional effect of the magnetic monopole flow was carried out in time positions I, II, III.
[0017]
From curve 1 (Fig. 3) it is evident that without the effect of monopoles on the source of radionuclides the number of decays was 50.
Thus, when exposed, it becomes possible to control the decay period and significantly increase the decay rate, which is important when carrying out work to decontaminate radioactive waste, as well as contaminated areas.
RU2061266
[ PDF ]
The invention relates to the decontamination and purification of radioactive waste.
[0002]
There are numerous known methods for rendering liquid and solid radioactive waste harmless, based on either calcination or chemical treatment, which are limited in functionality, are not safe during their implementation, and also require expensive equipment.
[0003]
For example, a method is known for disinfecting contaminants with tritium, which consists in connecting a metal part to the negative pole of a direct current, bringing at least part of the surface of said part into contact with a mixture of water and an electrolyte, for example an aqueous solution of soda or sulfuric acid, or water and a solid electrolyte.
An electric current with a density of 10 to 50 mA cm-2 is passed between the part to be disinfected and the anode connected to the positive pole of a direct current generator in order to cathodically charge the hydrogen in the part and replace the tritium adsorbed on the surface of the part with hydrogen [1]. The closest to the proposed method is the method of disinfecting radioactive materials based on the effect of an external electrostatic field on the radioactive material [2]. This method consists of placing the radioactive material to be disinfected inside an electrostatic generator of the Van de Graaff type, operating at a voltage of 250-850 kV. Studies have shown that the lifetime of the particles depends exponentially on the polarity and magnitude of the applied voltage.
This method has a fairly effective effect on the yield of ?, ? and ? particles. The disadvantage of this method is the use of complex high-voltage equipment. In addition, this method cannot be reliably used in the presence of moisture vapor in the atmosphere, which significantly narrows the scope of its application.
[0004]
The technical result of using the invention consists in expanding the functional capabilities while simplifying the method, as well as increasing the efficiency of the method.
[0005]
In order to achieve the technical result in accordance with the proposed method based on the effect of an external electrostatic field on a radioactive material, the external electrostatic field is initiated by a source in the form of a system of conductive strips located on a dielectric substrate folded in the form of a Mobius strip, wherein the conductive strips are provided with contact terminals located on the outer and inner sides of the Mobius strip surface opposite each other.
[0006]
Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the implementation of the proposed method; Fig. 2 shows a device with which the proposed method is implemented; Fig. 3 shows graphical results obtained in accordance with the proposed method.
[0007]
As can be seen in Fig. 1, the object to be disinfected 1 is installed in the area of action of the electrostatic field source 2.
[0008]
As can be seen in Fig. 2, the device with which the proposed method is implemented contains conductive strips 3 located on the surface of a dielectric substrate 4, folded in the form of a Mobius strip.
The conductive strips have output contact terminals 5 and 6, located on the outer and inner sides of the Mobius strip surface opposite each other and connected to a voltage source (not shown).
[0009]
The proposed method is based on the following physical concepts.
It is known that the number of decaying nuclei is greater, the more of them there are and the longer the time during which the decay occurs.
If ?N is the number of parent nuclei decaying over the time interval from t to t + ?t, is proportional to the number N of nuclei existing at time t and the time interval ?t, then in accordance with the fundamental law of radioactive decay ?N ? N ? t, where ? is the decay constant for a given type of nucleus, which represents the relative decrease in the number of nuclei undergoing decay per unit time ? (s-1) The constant ? determines the rate of radioactive decay.
The value ?= 1/ ? is the average lifetime of a radioactive isotope.
[0010]
From the fundamental law of radioactive decay follows the law of decrease in time of the number of radioactive nuclei N No e-?t, where No is the initial number of radioactive nuclei at time t 0; N is the number of radioactive nuclei at time t.
[0011]
On the other hand, it is known from [2] that the statistical law of radioactive decay can be replaced by the law of controlled decay.
This behavior of radionuclides can be explained by the fact that the rest mass of a neutron exceeds the sum of the rest masses of a proton and an electron by 782 keV. Therefore, by applying an electric field of ? 782 kV to a radionuclide sample, it is possible to control their decay.
Another possible method of controlling the decay of radionuclides is known, which assumes the presence of a source of particles, the movement of which in space creates such strong Coulomb fields that the decay process of a radioactive (unstable) nucleus can change.
As is known, the energy for stabilizing a nucleon in a nucleus cannot be less than 782 keV. In addition, such particles must have high penetrating power.
Of all the known particles of this type, the most suitable is the magnetic monopole, predicted by P. Dirac in 1931. When moving in space, a magnetic monopole must excite an electric field around itself that exceeds the electric fields from a monoelectric electron beam, i.e. the most probable agent with which controlled radioactive decay can be carried out is a magnetic monopole.
[0012]
For the specific implementation of the proposed method, a setup consisting of a pulse generator and a monopoly emitter was assembled in laboratory conditions.
The monopoly emitter is made in the form of a Mobius strip with the following dimensions: width of the dielectric base 60 mm; diameter 100 mm.
[0013]
On the dielectric base there are flat copper conductors, glued to the base with glue N 88.
The conductors are paralleled by two conductive strips located inside and outside the emitter cavity. The width of each conductor is 10.8 mm. The distance between conductors is 1 mm. When implementing the method, a pulse voltage with an amplitude not exceeding 2 V is supplied to the emitter at a current of 0.6-1 kA, a pulse duration of 1.6x10-4 s at a level of 0.5 and a pulse frequency of 100 Hz.
[0014]
As can be seen from Fig. 3, a distance of 1.5 m from the monopole emitter is optimal for interaction with the radionuclide, since it is at this distance that the monopole gains the required speed.
[0015]
In the experiment, the studied ampoules with the radionuclide 131J were irradiated for 15 minutes 3 times.
One of the ampoules was installed at a distance of 1.5 m from the monopoly emitter, the other at a distance of 7 s.
The activity of both ampoules was measured using the RKSB-104 device. The background was measured before and after the main measurements. The results of the experiment are shown in Fig. 3, where the error curves 1 and 2 correspond to the results of the studies at distances of 1.5 and 7 m, respectively. The dotted curves are the calculated decay curves of the radionuclide without exposure.
[0016]
According to the measurement results (the arithmetic mean is taken over 5 minutes of measurements), after 15 minutes of exposure to magnetic monopoles on a source with the radionuclide 131J, the number of decays was 70.
After 45 minutes of exposure, the number of decays was also 70. As can be seen from curve 1 (Fig. 3), 72 hours after exposure the number of decays was 82, after 96 hours 75 decays. The frictional effect of the magnetic monopole flow was carried out in time positions I, II, III.
[0017]
From curve 1 (Fig. 3) it is evident that without the effect of monopoles on the source of radionuclides the number of decays was 50.
Thus, when exposed, it becomes possible to control the decay period and significantly increase the decay rate, which is important when carrying out work to decontaminate radioactive waste, as well as contaminated areas.
Inventor(s): URUZKOEV LEONID IRBEKOVICH [RU]; SHAKHPARONOV IVAN MIKHAILOVICH [RU] + (URUZKOEV, LEONID IRBEKOVICH, ; SHAKHPARONOV, IVAN MIKHAILOVICH)
Classification: - international: G21K1/00; (IPC1-7): B01J19/08; G21G1/00; G21K5/00; H01S4/00- European: G21K1/00
Also published as: AU3784001
Abstract -- The invention relates to physicochemical processing and can be used in various fields of human activity, in particular for nuclear physics research. The invention is characterized by a physicochemical processing method which consists in the following: chemical elements and/or the composition thereof, substances, materials, biological tissues and organisms are continuously (by direct current) and/or impulsively ( by periodical pulses) exposed during a preset time to the effects of a catalyst impact e.g. elementary magnetically charged particles.
RU2123736
METHOD OF MAGNETIZING NON-MAGNETIC MATERIALS
The proposed invention relates to the field of magnetic processing of non-magnetic materials used, for example, in construction equipment.
There are known methods for magnetizing non-magnetic materials /plastic, rubber, glass, etc./ based on the use of electrically conductive media, such as water, which is magnetized using specialized means. [see
V.I.Klassen. Magnetization of water systems, ed. II. - M.: Chemistry, 1982, p. 19 - 1].
The disadvantage of known methods is that water loses its magnetic properties after a few days.
Depending on the task at hand, magnetization means are required to create a specific configuration of magnetic fields with a change in the intensity gradient according to a predetermined law.
A method is known for magnetic treatment of liquid with a spiral-screw feed through a working space irradiated by a magnetic field, which consists in the fact that the removal of the salt composition is carried out axially through an area with a smaller cross-section in relation to the cross-sectional area of the spiral flow [see A.S.USSR N 313778, cl. [C 02 F 1/48 - 2].
Effective processing in a wide range of salt composition is possible only with optimal values of magnetic field strength, speed and the number of intersections of magnetic fields of alternating polarity by the liquid.
In addition, a significant disadvantage of the known method is the incomplete use of the magnetic field and the need to regulate the processing modes, which cannot be carried out promptly even with continuous monitoring of the salt content of the liquid, since the magnetic field strength is not linearly dependent on the salt content, and there are no methods for indicating the effect of magnetic processing that allow for a quick and reliable assessment of the effect under operating conditions.
A method is known for magnetizing a liquid using a device that allows for effective processing by creating a smooth change in the magnetic field intensity gradient [see A.S. USSR N 850154 C 02 F 1/48, no.N 28, 81 - 3].
The magnetization means comprises a cylindrical body with an input and output branch pipe with a solenoid located outside the body and a core installed inside the body, as well as an additional solenoid, wherein the core is made in the form of a piston.
A method for activating building mixtures is also known, which can be considered as a prototype [a.s.
USSR N 392024 C 02 F 1/48 - 4], which consists of exposing them to a magnetic field, which is carried out in successively located magnetic fields rotating in opposite directions, in the zones of action of which ferromagnetic bodies, for example, of cylindrical shape, are placed.
The disadvantage of the known method is that the building mixture retains its activity only for a few days, i.e. the operational capabilities of such a mixture are limited.
The technical result of using the proposed technical solution is the expansion of operational capabilities due to the increase in the period of preservation of properties acquired as a result of magnetization to infinity.
In order to achieve the technical result in accordance with the proposed method based on the interaction of a non-magnetic material with a source of an external magnetic field, the external magnetic field is initiated by a source in the form of a system of conductive strips located on a dielectric substrate folded in the form of a Mobius strip, the conductive strips are provided with output terminals located on the inner and outer sides of the Mobius strip surface opposite each other, while the magnetization time is inversely proportional to the product of the thickness of the magnetized substance by the specific gravity.
At present, the applicant, from an analysis of all types of information publicly available in Russia, is not aware of any methods that contain a set of features that are distinctive in the claimed solution, i.e. the proposed technical solution is new.
The claimed method has an inventive step, since it does not clearly follow from the state of the art for a specialist.
The author conducted theoretical and experimental research, which allowed him to identify the distinctive features of the method that ensure the achievement of the technical effect.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the source device with which the proposed method is implemented.
As can be seen in Fig. 1, the magnetized sample 1 is located at some distance from the magnetic source 2.
Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the magnetic source.
As can be seen in Fig. 2, the source contains a system of conductive strips 3 located on a dielectric substrate 4, folded in the form of a Mobius strip, wherein the conductive strips are provided with output terminals 5, 6, located on the inner and outer sides of the Mobius strip surface opposite each other.
The physical concepts underlying the proposed method are as follows.
There is a well-known natural phenomenon of ball lightning, which, according to currently existing hypotheses, is the result of vacuum polarization.
The formation of ball lightning is associated with the existence of particles generated under certain conditions, called monopoles.
Ball lightning, i.e. magnetic monopoles, were obtained in the laboratory from a vacuum polarization source described in patent application No. 4841331 of May 21, 1990, for which a positive decision on the issuance of a patent was received on August 8, 1991.
The proposed method is based on the interaction of fields of a specific source, consisting of magnetic monopoles, with a non-magnetic material.
It is assumed that magnetic monopoles emitted by the source become trapped in the substance, and the substance changes from a diamagnetic substance to a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic substance.
The proposed method is specifically implemented as follows: a sinusoidal voltage with an amplitude of about 12 V at currents of about 200 A at a frequency of 0.01 Hz to 200 kHz or a pulsed voltage with an amplitude of 1.5 - 3 V at currents of 6 - 10 kA with a repetition frequency of 50 Hz is applied to the source terminals. Magnetized samples are located from the source of magnetic monopoles at a distance of 0 to 5 meters or more, depending on the thickness of the sample and the density of the material from which it is made.
In laboratory conditions, work was carried out on magnetization of non-magnetic materials.
The samples used for magnetization were plastic materials such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, fluoroplastic, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, rubbers, glass such as C-52; N 23; II-15; C-5, ceramics 22xC, and alundums.
The results of the analyses are presented in the table.
In the process of studying the effect of the magnetic field of a monopole source on the magnetic parameters of substances, it was established that the greatest induced magnetic susceptibility is observed in those substances that contain the largest number of oxygen atoms, which are paramagnetic.
It has been empirically established that the optimal processing zone for film materials is a spherical region surrounding the device with a radius equal to five widths of the dielectric base of the device.
In this zone, dielectrics can be pulled at speeds from 0 to 30 m/sec without deterioration in magnetization quality.
In the rest of the surrounding space, in a spherical region from five widths of the dielectric base of the monopole source, at least up to 100, materials can be magnetized in compact form in pieces, blocks, etc., and in this case, magnetization requires more time than for film ones.
The magnetization time is approximately inversely proportional to the product of the thickness and the specific gravity of the material.
Durability tests showed that the magnetization of the samples did not disappear for at least a year when stored at room temperature.
All magnetization experiments were carried out with a monopole source manufactured in laboratory conditions with the following parameters: - the dielectric base is made of lavsan, 60 mm wide and 100 ?m thick; - conductive tracks are made of aluminum Al, 10 mm wide and 10 ?m thick; - the gap between tracks is 1 mm.
The proposed invention can be used in electrical engineering, medicine, and construction.
Abstract -- FIELD: electrical engineering, medicine, building engineering. SUBSTANCE: material is irradiated by external magnetic field source made in the form of set of current-conducting strips placed on insulating substrate folded in the form of Moebius band. Conducting strips are provided with output terminals. Magnetizing time is inversely proportional to product of magnetizing material thickness by specific weight. EFFECT: facilitated procedure.
