rexresearch.com
Simon OBERGFAELL, et al.
Engine Water Injection

 http://newatlas.com/bosch-water-injection/45205/?li_source=LI&li_medium=default-widget
 http://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/en/water-instead-of-gasoline-bosch-innovation-reduces-fuel-consumption-by-up-to-13-percent-57792.html
Water instead of gasoline: Bosch innovation reduces fuel consumption by up to 13 percent

Did you know that even advanced gasoline engines waste roughly a fifth of their fuel? Especially at high engine speeds, some of the gasoline is used for cooling instead of for propulsion. With its new water injection, Bosch shows that it does not have to be that way. Particularly when accelerating quickly or driving on the freeway, the injection of additional water makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption by up to 13 percent. “With our water injection, we show that the combustion engine still has some tricks up its sleeve,” says Dr. Rolf Bulander, chairman of the Bosch Mobility Solutions business sector and member of the board of management of Robert Bosch GmbH. The fuel economy offered by this Bosch technology comes especially to the fore in three- and four-cylinder downsized engines: in other words, in precisely the kind of engines to be found under the hood of any average midsize car.

Extra boost for the turbocharged engine

But it is not only in the area of fuel economy that the Bosch innovation comes into play. It can make cars more powerful as well. “Water injection can deliver an extra kick in any turbocharged engine,” says Stefan Seiberth, president of the Gasoline Systems division at Bosch. Earlier ignition angles mean that the engine is operated even more efficiently. On this basis, engineers can coax additional power out of the engine, even in powerful sports cars.

The basis of this innovative engine technology is a simple fact: an engine must not be allowed to overheat. To stop this happening, additional fuel is injected into nearly every gasoline engine on today’s roads. This fuel evaporates, cooling parts of the engine block. With water injection, Bosch engineers have exploited this physical principle. Before the fuel ignites, a fine mist of water is injected into the intake duct. Water’s high heat of vaporization means that it provides effective cooling.

This is also the reason only a small additional volume of water is needed: for every one hundred kilometers driven, only a few hundred milliliters are necessary. As a result, the compact water tank that supplies the injection system with distilled water only has to be refilled every few thousand kilometers at the most.

And if the tank should run empty, there is nothing to worry about: the engine will still run smoothly – albeit without the higher torque and lower consumption provided by water injection.

 

Additional questions and answers
Is this technology already in production?

The BMW M4 GTS is the first production vehicle to feature an innovative and groundbreaking water injection system. In the vehicle’s turbocharged six-cylinder engine, it offers improved performance and consumption even at full load. Bosch supplies water injection parts for the BMW M4 GTS.

How high is fuel consumption in the driving cycle?

In the future consumption test (WLTC), water injection makes it possible to save up to 4 percent fuel. In real driving conditions, even more is possible: here, fuel consumption can be reduced by up to 13 percent when accelerating quickly or driving on the freeway.

Doesn’t water injection cause the engine to rust?

No. No water is left in the combustion chamber. The water evaporates before combustion happens in the engine. All the water is expelled into the environ-ment, together with the exhaust.

How is water refilled?

Water injection only requires a small amount of water to be kept on board. On average, it only has to be refilled every 3,000 kilometers. The separate water tank has to be filled with distilled water.

Can the water in the tank freeze?
When the engine is stopped, the water flows back into its tank, where it may freeze. Following engine restart, the water thaws again.

Is there such a thing as direct water injection?

Bosch uses a port injection system, since it has clear technical advantages and costs less. This makes water injection suitable for large-scale production, as well as for many vehicle segments.


http://www.bosch-mobility-solutions.com/en/highlights/powertrain-and-electrified-mobility/water-injection/
New engine performance due to hydropower

Good news: with Bosch WaterBoost, the combustion engine is once again ready to overtake and has its best days ahead. The secret of its success is a tuning formula with demineralized water, which boosts power generation, lowers fuel consumption, and minimizes concerns about CO2 emissions. So if you soon come across a turbocharged gasoline direct-injection engine, which despite concerted downsizing can keep the competition in its performance class on its toes even at high engine speeds, you'll know what's driving it: Bosch WaterBoost. From the world of motorsport. For more fun to drive.

up to 5% greater engine performance without increasing engine displacement or boost pressure
up to 13% less fuel consumption at higher accleration or long motorway journeys
up to 4% less CO2 emitted in the WLTC (Worldwide harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle )



Due to Bosch's WaterBoost complete system – the only one of its kind in the world – the gasoline-driven powertrain is well on its way to redefining itself. When a direct-injection engine with little displacement but high levels of turbocharging is pushing its limits, bringing H2O into the mix of elements immediately pushes performance boundaries upward. The water actively cools the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, thus reducing knocking that harms the engine, allowing earlier ignition, and ultimately resulting in increased engine performance. The higher compression ratio in the engine also leads to a CO2 reduction of up to 4% in WLTC. Overall, the combustion process takes place at a better temperature and therefore in a more controlled fashion. Ignition happens sooner and the earlier center of heat release leads to a better level of efficiency. Benefits that we make available for gasoline engines with water injection. More than anything else, we believe "Invented for life" means enriching everyday driving with genuinely tangible improvements.

Fundamental for improved fuel efficiency
 The benefits of turbo air cooling

It's an exciting challenge: as soon as the really fun driving starts, even the strongest engine breaks into a figurative sweat and responds with an increasing thirst for fuel. In these high-load situations, a welcome dose of refreshment is just the thing: a microfine spray from Bosch WaterBoost. Sprayed directly into the intake port, the fine mist of water droplets cools the hot combustion air down to a tolerable level.

Successful WaterBoost effect: even at high engine speeds, the engine doesn't get "out of breath," since it receives the explosive air-fuel mixture sooner. And yet the result is not uncontrolled misfiring. That's because targeted use of water also protects the components in the powertrain interior. Incidentally, filling an additional tank with just 5 liters of the demineralized water lasts around 3,000 km. And even if the water runs dry from time to time, there's no effect on how the vehicle operates.

Water provides more oxygen
 Advantages of improving engine performance
Horsepower is only truly powerful when it has enough room and air to give its driving force free rein. Whether or not turbocharging really gives direct-injection gasoline engines that extra kick forward is therefore decided in the highly compressed confines of the combustion chamber. Add in the fact that increasingly strict emissions guidelines of the past few years have not produced larger engine displacement; in fact, despite the rising overall demand for performance, it has actually gotten smaller.

If the horses under the hood are reined in more and more tightly, allowing them to "breathe" properly becomes even more important. That's why Bosch boosts oxygen saturation by cooling off the incoming charge air using water injection in the combustion chamber. The results are gratifying: driving is noticeably more dynamic and enjoyable and the engine freely shifts into gear for top performance. Up to 5% more horsepower with the same boost pressure and displacement? The proven technology makes this a thoroughly credible promise.


PATENTS


WO2016177561
WATER INJECTION DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE...
The present invention relates to a water injection device for an internal combustion engine, which water injection device has a water tank (5) for storing water, a delivery element (3) which serves for delivering the water and which is connected to the water tank (5), at least two water injectors (6a, 6b) which serve for injecting water and which are connected in each case to the delivery element (3), and a control unit (10) which is designed to successively open the water injectors (6a, 6b), wherein the delivery element (3) is designed to successively draw in water situated in the water injectors (6a, 6b) and supply said water to the water tank (5) when the water injectors are open, in order to prevent the water injectors (6a, 6b) from icing up.




WO2016177560
WATER INJECTION DEVICE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

The invention relates to a water injection device (1) of an internal combustion engine, comprising a water tank (5) for storing water, at least one water injector (6), a pump element (3) for pumping water out of the water tank (5) into the water injector (6), and a blocking element (11) which is arranged in a region (8a) between the pump element (3) and the water injector (6) and which is designed to keep a system pressure between the blocking element (11) and the water injector (6) at a level such that the water located in the region (8a) is prevented from evaporating. The invention further relates to an internal combustion engine which comprises a water injection device (1) according to the invention.




WO2016177558
WATER INJECTION DEVICE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE...

The present invention relates to a water injection device of an internal combustion engine (2), which water injection device comprises a water tank (5) for storing water, a delivery element (3) for delivering the water, wherein the delivery element (3) is connected to the water tank (5), at least one water injector (6) for injecting water, the injector being connected to the delivery element (3), a pressure sensor (14) which is arranged in a line region (8) between the delivery element (3) and the water injector (6), and a control unit (10) which is designed to determine, on the basis of pressure data of the pressure sensor (14), a formation of vapour in the aforementioned line region (8) when the water injector (6) is closed and the delivery element (3) is deactivated. The present invention also relates to an internal combustion engine having a water injection device (1) according to the invention and to a method for operating a water injection device (1) according to the invention.




WO2016177557
WATER INJECTION DEVICE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE...

The invention relates to a water injection device of an internal combustion engine (2), comprising a water tank (5) for storage of water, at least one water injector (6), a conveying element (3) for conveying the water, which element is connected by means of an intake line (7) and a return line (13) to the water tank (3), and a first heating element (19a) which is arranged at least partially on the intake line (7). According to the invention the first heating element (19a) is configured to defrost water which is located in the water tank (5) and/or in the intake line (7) and is frozen. Furthermore the conveying element (3) is configured according to the invention to convey the defrosted water in the intake line (7) back into the water tank (5) via the return line (13). A further feature of the invention relates to an internal combustion engine having a water injection device (1) according to the invention and to a method for operating the water injection device (1).
WO2016177554
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR INJECTION OF WATER FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
    
The invention relates to a device for injection of water for an internal combustion engine (2), which comprises a water tank (5) for storage of water, a conveying element (3) for conveying the water, wherein the conveying element (3) is connected to the water tank (5), a drive (4) for driving the conveying element (3), at least one water injector (6) for the injection of water, which water injector is connected to the conveying element (3), and a control unit (10) which is arranged in order to open the water injector (6) for the injection of water, wherein the water injector (6) is arranged in order to inject water in the direction of a valve element (28) of an inlet valve (25) of the internal combustion engine (2). The invention further relates to an internal combustion engine having a device (1) according to the invention and to a method for the injection of water.




WO2016177497
WATER INJECTION DEVICE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

The invention relates to a water injection device of an internal combustion engine, comprising a water tank (5) for storing water, a pump (3) for pumping the water, said pump (3) being arranged higher than the water tank (5) and being connected to the water tank via a first line (7), a water injection valve (6) for injecting water, said valve being connected to the pump (3) via a second line (8), a drive (4) for driving the pump (3), and a control unit (10) which is designed to open the water injection valve (6) in order to suction water out of the water tank (5) to the pump (3) using a vacuum present in front of the water injection valve (6) when the lines and the pump are empty.




WO2016177531
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ENGINE KNOCK OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Inventor(s): M. STREIB, et al.

The invention relates to a method for controlling the engine knock of an internal combustion engine (1) that can be operated with a water injection unit (12), at least one parameter of knock control being determined as a function of a variable related to the water injection unit (12), in particular the water content.




WO2016128185
INJECTION DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Inventor(s): T. PAUER, et al.

 The invention relates to an injection device for an internal combustion engine, said internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber and at least one inlet pipe, and said injection device comprising a first injection valve for injecting a fuel directly into the combustion chamber, and a second injection valve for injecting into said inlet pipe, characterised in that said second injection valve is configured to inject water.




WO2014206892
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REDUCING THE POLLUTANTS AND/OR FUEL CONSUMPTION OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Inventor(s): M. BRANDT, et al.

 The invention relates to apparatus for reducing the pollutant emissions and/or fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine (1) of a motor vehicle, comprising a device for exhaust gas recirculation (2), via which exhaust gas from an exhaust tract (3) can be fed to an intake tract (4) of the internal combustion engine (1). According to the invention, the apparatus comprises a condensate separator (5) for water recovery, which is connected to the device for exhaust gas recirculation (2), a storage container (6) for storing the recovered water, which is attached to the condensate separator (5), and a device for water or emulsion injection (7), which can be supplied with water via the storage container (6). The invention also relates to a method for reducing the pollutant emissions and/or fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine (1).



US8714465
VALVE FOR SPRAYING FLUID
Inventor(s): J. HEYSE, et al.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an injection hole plate that can be inexpensively and reproducibly manufactured to improve spraying of an injected fluid such as fuel and an urea water solution.SOLUTION: The valve includes the injection hole plate 17 having at least one injection hole 18 radially shifted from a valve opening 13, and an inflow hollow chamber 19 disposed between the valve opening and at least one injection hole. The inflow hollow chamber 19 is formed by at least one recessed portion 20, and the recessed portion 20 is disposed on a plate surface facing a valve seat body 12, of the injection hole plate 17 in a state that a part of the recessed portion 20 is inserted into the valve opening 13 and the remaining part of the recessed portion 20 is covered by the valve seat body 12.; At least one injection hole 18 is formed on a bottom surface 201 of the recessed portion 20 near a recessed portion wall at a side opposite to the valve opening 13 on the part of the recessed portion 20 covered by the valve seat body 12.