Alexander
V. CHERNETSKII
[ Chernetski / Chernetsky ]
Self-Generating Discharge Plasmatron
NOVOSTI press release
03NTO-890717CM04 (17 July 1989 )
Spec. Sci.
Tech. 13(4), 273
(1990).
VACUUM ENERGY: A
BREAKTHROUGH?
by Andrei Samokhin
The model of a plasma generator which can convert
physical-vacuum energy into electricity has been developed under
Prof. Alexander CHERNETSKI at the Moscow Georgi Plekhanov
Institute of the National Economy. Such generators could
lay the groundwork for the future environmentally-benign power
industry.
Classical physics cannot explain what happens when a plasma
discharger placed in the Chernetski circuit is started: for no
apparent reason the ammeter pointer shows triple
strength-of-current increase [sic] and energy output is several
times above input. The plant's efficiency is much more
than 1.
No magic is intended. Additional energy outputs at
specific plasma discharges are fixed in several independent
expert reportsby the Lenin All-Union Institute of Electrical
Engineering. This effect has been checked by different
methods. Whence this mysterious energy?
Self-generating discharge
Prof Chernetski, the author of the first ever study paper on
plasma-diagnotics equipment (he has been in this field fro 40
years now) and 20 inventions, never knew what he was probing
into specific unstable plasma states at strong-current
discharges could have led to. In the early 70s, he and
fellow-researcher Yuri
Galkin worked on a basically new type of high-frequency plasma
generator which could at high power do without unwieldy energy
converters. In one test, they discovered input-output
energy gap. [sic]
"I knew electron drift begins in plasma and sought to deduce a
combination of variables in which fluctuating plasma instability
emerged in discharge," Chernetski says. "Gas discharge was
meant to serve as a powerful stimulator of electromagnetic modes
and, all of a sudden and in defiance of the law of conservation
of energy, a strange energy imbalance was produced.
Repeated experiments with different circuits proved energy
output to be always greater than input."
The mysterious discharge stimulating additional energy
extraction was called the "self generating discharge (SGD)".
Measurements showed that part of the discharge power went back
into the network as if two series-connected electromotive forces
were at work.
In a bid to try to explain the experimental data, the
researchers actually tried to prove the impossible. One of
their proofs was very "strong". The one-megawatt
substation of the Moscow Aviation Institute, where Chernetski
and Galkin were staging an experiment with a powerful plasma
unit, burned out. When the dischrage currents reached
criticality, superstrong current was "born" in the generator and
went back into the network, playing havoc with the safety
devices calculated for short-circuit. Later on, they read
in books that earlier in the century the power plant of
prominent Yugoslav electrical engineer Nikola Tesla caught fire
under similar circumstances in the United States.
Chernetski and Galkin were sure that Tesla was making such
experiments, but did not publish the results. They are
also sure that vacuum energy can explain this mysterious effect.
A Vacuum-Powered Lamp
The researchers relied on the present-day quantum physics idea
of "zero-point oscillations" in physical vacuum. Such
oscillations signifying the birth and annihilation of virtual
pairs -- the particle and anti-particle, distinguished from the
normal elementary particles by a negligibly short life, a mere
8.10/-21[sic] sec. Emerging below the zero energy level
from "nothing" and returning to "nothing", virtual particles as
if defy the law of conservation of energy. Quantum
electrodynamics explains this paradox through the Heisenberg
uncertainty principle. Under it all the precise particle
characteristics cannot be learnt simultaneously and, therefore,
one must not require from nature "punctual" abidance by the law
during such a short time as the life of virtual pairs. The
observer fails to notice anything, while every virtual pair is
more than real, carrying an energy of more than half a million
electron-volts during its lifetime. The potential energy
in the electric bulb vacuum is enough to boil the earth's
oceans, Americans John Wheeler and Richard Feynman have
calculated.
Until recently the vacuum energy idea was only a daring
hypothesis bordering on science-fiction. The lamp powered
by vacuum in Chernetski's basement laboratory in the center of
Moscow made it a reality.
This is how he explains his miraculous experiment: "The
self-generating discharge emerges when the discharge current
reach a definite critical density, when the magnetic fields they
create ensure magnetisation of plasma electrons and they begin
to perform mostly cycloid movements. The interaction of currents
with their magnetic fields forces the electrons to deviate to
the cylinder-shaped discharge axis and the electrical field
emerges. It has proved to 'switch on' the physical vacuum: in
this field the vacuum is polarised and consequently the virtual
pairs begin to move in a definite direction, instead of
chaotically. The virtual positrons accelerate plasma electrons,
giving them part of their energy. The current in the circuit
builds up and additional energy is discharged on the resistor
switched into the discharge circuit. Clearly, only part of the
tremendous vacuum energy is extracted.
"We've developed several circuit versions which can find
application. In the later experiment with an input power
of 700 watts, that extracted by the generator loads resistance
was three kilowatts, or nearly five times more. This is by far
not the limit and with more powerful plants and the
corresponding calculations megawatts of free electricity can be
produced from a minimal power source."
Self-Generating-Discharge
Plasmatron and Space Travel.
Yuri Galkin looks at the future of their discovery: "Its
applications are wide-ranging. For example, engines based on the
self-generating-discharge plasmatron. Until now all attempts to
use plasmatrons as engines failed, because strong electron and
ion bombardments rapidly burnt out the electrodes.
Self-generating discharge leaves them inatct and such engines
can be used in aircraft, trains and autos. It would be logical
to create a new environmentally-wise power industry. Portable
hydros, wind power plants and solar batteries boosted by
self-generating discharge could become an enormous source of
electricity. With time, they could edge out the costly and
hazardous fuel-firing and hydraulic [hydroelectric?] facilities.
Already now we can build a plant which would supply electricity
for a township or factory. A vacuum power station
comparable to giant facilities could be designed today. Our
discovery can revolutionise cosmonautics."
Laboratory experiments have proved the possibility of using the
kinetic effect of self-generating discharge for accelerating
bodies in space. Galkin has calculated the parameters of a
self-generating-discharge plasmatron that could serve as the
propulsion engine of the future, replacing the present unwieldy
rocket engines. Powered by a minor ten-volt source, it can
deliver power enough for the takeoff of a large spaceship.
Tapping the ambient space vacuum, it could fly eternally.
Unknown Waves
"We didn't think of only industrial applications," Chernetski
recalls. "Self-generating discharge turned out to produce wave
radiation which was hitherto unknown, but evidently existent at
all times. Like sound waves, its waves have a longitudinal
electric field component and a high penetrability through
condcutive mediums, including metals. It turned out that these
single waves, 'awakening' the hidden vacuum energy, can alter
substance structure. "The experiment staged at the Burdenko
Institute of Neurosurgery in Moscow several years ago showed
that directional SGD radiation accelerated nuclear
beta-decomposition by 5%-6%. This is only one example. We
supposed that, like SGD-generator radiation, longitudinal
electric-field component waves could also be produced by living
beings, man in particular. Comparative experiments were staged
to prove the impact on men with extrasensory perception and of
our device on different objects. In both cases parallel impact
on the high-stability quartz generator made its frequency
'drift' by several orders of magnitude. The filament resistance
of the incandescent lamp decreased considerably. Probably we are
on the road to explaining such mysterious things as extrasensory
perception, telekinesis and bioenergy.
Vacuum-Ether
The experimentally-verified concept of Chernetski claims to be a
theoretical breakthrough in the basic quantum-physics idea of
the energy structure of the Universe. It is generally recognised
among physicists that all elementary particle interactions, and
hence every existing phenomenon, occur with the help of
virtual-particle exchange. How does it come about?
"Full annihilation of virtual pairs cannot take place in the
event of partial energy extraction in self-generating discharge,
because a 'certain' virtual dipole must emerge -- two separate
charges with a
common negative energy. This means that together with energy
extraction vacuum structurisation and ordering takes place.
Actually, our concept is a return to the idea of the universal
ether at an entirely new level. We say that the ordered dipole
vacuum, or ether, is an all-penetrating energy medium in which
processes occur which are related to virtual dipoles and subject
to the uncertainty principle of modern physics."
Chernetski asks: if vacuum structurisation is a constant
process, isn't this an opportunity to state the law of
conservation of entropy in the Universe in opposition to the
idea of its steadfast decrease?
What if this work helps to clear up the nature of gravitation,
which is as dim now as it was in the times of Newton? What his
concept of the vacuum shows the road to the long-awaited
explanation of the Grand Unification theory?
"As as experimental physicist I won't say our theory is 100
percent correct," Chernetski declares. "It's much more an
opportunity now to have indisputable experimental data to prove
the opportunity of creating a basically new power industry."
Only a rapid switch to new energy can save human civilization
from ecological catastrophe. The research program must be
developed immediately and a center set up to coordinate
cooperation between world scientists. Natural and unlimited
vacuum energy is at our doorstep.
http://www.nuenergy.org/index.htm
http://www.nuenergy.org/video/chernetski.ra
Video
Self-Generating
Electrical Discharge
Alexander V. Frolov
I would like to present my comments on well-known paper by
Alexander V. Chernetsky «About physical nature of
biological energy phenomenons and its modeling» that was
published in 1989 [1]. He showed clear analogy between physical
nature of telepathy and his discovery named as electrical
«self-generating discharge» SGD.
The SGD produce longitudinal electromagnetic wave that is not
accepted in classical physics since it can be created only in
some substance like the sound wave can be created in air. But it
is the experimental fact and the substance we have to talk about
is the ether or the material space. Alexander Chernetsky used
the term «physical vacuum» to show principal difference between
his «structured vacuum» and «vacuum as nothing». The waves
we'll discuss are the energy density waves created locally
in space so there is some volumetrical density of this
energy. In other words, the space is product or result of some
process and its energy density is depend of the parameters of
the process. When we'll get the way to generate the wave it
means to create some local change of the space or material
object structure located in the area of the wave. The
experiments proved it.
The development of biological energy science is important
direction of medical research in strength of the possibility to
correct biological field of the object and it is the correction
of the reason of the disease. Many scientists present the
biological field like some special kind of the field but others
think it is electromagnetic one. Academician Vernadsky
developed the conception of global energy and information field
of our planet that was named as «noosphere» and it is the result
of any processes for all biological objects. In this case
the biological field should be high penetrating field through
any barrier or screen. Also it should be self-sustaining energy
process to keep the information for a long time. By
Chernetsky the energy field of biological objects can be
produced by longitudinal electromagnetic waves and they are
generating by means of movements of electrical charges (plasma)
in energy centers and channels of human, animal or plant
[2]. The electrical plasma of SGD he investigated is
similar to biological plasma and it demonstrate the negative
electrical conductivity that is the condition for
self-sustaining energy mode. So, the medical topic we started is
connected with «free energy» topic also, i.e. the wave must be
getting energy from surrounding medium to exist and this method
can be developed in fuel-less source of energy technology.
By this way of operation the space itself is the source and it
become locally more «thin» or more «rare» when the energy is
extracted directly from it. The term «rare» is connected with
some frequency of the process and I would like to note once
more: the space can be considered as some periodical process of
some frequency and its energy density is depend of the
frequency. The mechanical analogy is some «free energy system»
that is taking energy from invisible rotation of surrounding
substance. From my point of view, this frequency can be
considered also as local rate of time flow and the «time
machine» technology is not impossible idea and it does not
require some tremendous power input but it is the secondary
effects of the free energy device if it is an «extractor» of
power from the process of the existence of the material space.
One of many experiments by Chernetsky was dedicated to
investigation of biological nature of the longitudinal
electromagnetic wave. The experiment was made in Moscow by
V.I.Dokutchaev [3], in Novosibirsk by Y.V. Tornouev, and in
Moscow by A.V. Chernetsky. Small animal was killed and just at
this moment the electrometer detected the changes of electrical
field gradient. The animal was submitted in metal box so
classical transverse electromagnetic wave (Hertz wave) should be
screened and only longitudinal electromagnetic wave (Tesla wave)
can penetrate the screen. I have to note the analogy with
N.A.Kozyrev's experiments [4]. He investigated the wave that is
produced by any non-reversible process, for example by
dissipation process or by deformation of elastic matter. The
wave was detected by several methods: electrical component of
the wave was detected by electrometer. The mechanical effect was
detected by special rotational weight system. The wave
produce changes of structure and electrical conductivity of a
matter and it can be detected by any balanced electronics
circuit when one element of the circuit is placed in the area of
the wave. N.A.Kozyrev named the waves as «density of time rate
waves». He detected this wave also for the process of fading of
the part of a plant. So, the seasonal and daily changes in the
energy density of space were described by many scientists as
changes of the ether density can be explained by the
changes in biological activity. For some applications it is
useful to consider the same wave as the flow of some particles,
named as «chronons» by Academician Albert I. Veinik [5]. He
detected local changes of the rate of the time by means of two
equal quartz oscillators when one of them was submitted in the
area of the generated «flow of chronons». Really, we have to
talk about some changes in the matter structure (up to
inter-atom distance) of the quartz that produce detected
frequency difference. The same experiment was described by
N.A.Kozyrev for his «wave of the density of the time». To use
some common term let's name this wave as the Energy
Density Waves (EDW) in difference from electromagnetic
wave (EMW). It is the longitudinal wave, i.e. the energy density
is modulated in the direction from the generator to infinity.
The velocity of the wave is the question of investigation but if
the space (the ether) is considered as some solid state
matter there are no any doubts to take it as super-luminal
or instantaneous velocity. Let's take an example: when one push
the table at the same moment all points of the table are moving
and the velocity is instantaneous. It is corresponding to
Kozyrev's theory and he proved it in the experiments to detect
real and imagine positions for a star. He got information
about visible star position by means of electromagnetic waves
are spreading with limited velocity of light and the real
position was detected by the trajectory of «wave of density of
time» that is instantaneous information signal without any
spreading.
In other words, we have to use four-dimensional view to consider
three-dimensional world as the system of some density of energy
and when one create the changes of the density this
four-dimensional wave is not spreading along some spatial
dimension but it is created in all points of the Universe
at the moment of creation. Sure, the value of the change near of
the generator and far from generator is different so it is local
changes in some sense.
N.Tesla investigate the standing wave of electrical nature like
the wave he observed in process of natural storm. In 1932 he
wrote: «...I showed that the universal medium is a gaseous body
in which only longitudinal pulses can be propagated, involving
alternating compression and expansion similar to those produced
by sound waves in air.» [6]. Now we have few different
views to the ether: Is it absolutely solid state body or the
gaseous one? There is fine solution to solve the problem and
this approach is proved experimentally by A.M.Mishin,
St.-Petersburg [7]. He published the results of long-time
measurements he produced in his home laboratory. The equipment
included special detector made as auto-oscillating
electromechanical system with some biological element to get
electrical signals from changes of biological plasma state. By
Mishin, the system detected all turbulent disturbances (the
temperature) of the ether, anisotropic properties (direction and
polarization) of the ether and the ether fluxes (the ether
winds). His conclusion is: the ether exist in different states
and the state depend of the parameters of the turbulent
disturbance. For ether-1 it is solid state body, ether-2 is
dense superfluid liquid, ether-3 is connected with molecular
motion and it is gaseous body, ether-4 is stellar plasma state
and ether-5 correspond to galactical processes. By this view the
Tesla's understanding of the ether is true for certain energy
level of process in the space. Kozyrev's instantaneous
interaction by means of active properties of time is possible in
solid state ether.
Let's consider the technology of SGD by Chernetsky to show the
source of energy for it. At first, we have to suppose zero point
oscillation reality, i.e. vacuum structure is some process of
transformation from photons to virtual electron-positron pairs
and from electron-positron pairs to photons. When strong
electrical field is created on surface of the plasma the vacuum
structure should be polarized and by this reason the movement of
virtual particles acquire certain direction to increase
electrical field intensity and to accelerate plasma electrons.
By this way Alexander V. Chernetsky explained his over-unity
experimental results. [1, p.16]. He wrote about some kind of
radiation that is created in biological over-unity energetics
process like SGD, so by his opinion the global
energy-information field of the planet (noosphere) is created as
superposition of these self-sustaining waves. Also he noted some
telekinetic facts can be explained by the hypothesis of vacuum
structuring if human brain can produce quite powerful image of
some object and this image will get energy from vacuum to
interact with real object [1, p.21].
Let's note the term «holography» that is useful for any case of
information reproduction when some small part of the
interferention structure include information about all sources
of the waves. Since the global information field is produced
by energy density waves we discussed above the
interferention image will be four-dimensional structure and the
notion of «part of image» is different from ordinary holography.
In a few words: three-dimensional holography is result of
interferention of electromagnetic transverse waves and the
information is submitted in thickness of the photography
emulsion so any point of surface of holographical plate
can be used to reproduce all image. It is necessary to use some
coherent source of electromagnetic waves (laser). Similar
technology can be used to reproduce information from
four-dimensional interferention structure but it is necessary to
use some coherent source of the energy density waves. Also there
is the difference: information can be reproduce from any point
of three-dimensional holography plate since there is some
thickness of the plate, and information can be reproduces from
any point of four-dimensional holography structure if we'll use
some period of time. The time axis is the analogy for thickness
in this case. This hypothesis include supposition about
some elementary period of reproduction for all material
structure of the Universe. The Planck constant and discrete laws
of quantum world allow to calculate the period of time that is
minimal part of four-dimensional structure to reproduce it at
whole image. From this point of view any process that is
creating the energy density wave also it is production of the
«recording» into global energy-information structure. Medical
application of this theory is quite simple: it is necessary to
produce some compensation «recording» to remove the disease or
aging process.
If three-dimensional holography image is copy of real material
object that create the interferention structure of
electromagnetic transverse waves in thickness of the plate, so
four-dimensional holography is copy of real energy process that
create interferention structure of energy density waves in
structured vacuum. When three-dimensional holography is
reproduced it is possible to see image without real material
object. When four-dimensional holography is reproduced the
energy process can be detected without material structure
of a «generator» that is connected with original process. The
power of reproduced process is depend of used coherent source of
energy density waves.
Technical aspects of experimental SGD device were not detailed
by Chernetsky in [1] but he explained the ways to get SGD. By
his definition, self-generating discharge is special type of
electrical arc that can be created at certain value of density
of discharge current. Since volt-ampere diagram of any arc
consist of decreasing and increasing part, Chernetsky noted two
ways for self-sustaining electrical oscillations: at first,
small current way on the decreasing part of the diagram when the
resistance of the arc is negative, and at second, great current
way on the increasing part of the diagram when the arc plasma
electrons are interacting with strong magnetic field of plasma
(so called pinch-effect was found by Chernetsky in
1960th). First way seems me as most simple and effective
way and there were produced some simple experiments to prove it
[8]. But Alexander V. Chernetsky used the second way to get the
self-sustaining oscillation in plasma. He noted: the
pinch-effect produce the radial electrical field in the arc and
corresponding radial magnetic field. In development of his
explanation let me note: since the primary source create axial
movement of changed particles between electrodes, the reason
of radial separation and additional energy of the plasma
particles is well-known Lorenz force. Positive feedback in this
circuit is the next: pinch-effect compress the plasma in radial
direction, then radial electromagnetic field interact with
axially moving particles of plasma to increase radial
separation, so the energy of plasma particles is increasing up
to change of electrodes polarity that stop the arc process. The
change is produced by plasma particle and the source is direct
current source only. The changes of electrodes polarity are
possible only if the energy of the particle is increased in
process of the movement in the arc gap between electrodes.
Capacity and inductive parameters of experimental device define
the resonance frequency of the oscillations. Chernetsky tested
3MHz oscillations and duration of pulses was about 30
microseconds. He used voltage 600VDC (direct current
source). The plasma was created in hydrogen at
pressure about 0.1 T.
To consider the mechanism of creation of longitudinal
electromagnetic wave Alexander Chernetsky used Dokutchaev's
theory of «charge equivalent» [3]. The effect is explained as
result of relativistic changes of distances for two groups of
electrical charges those are in relative motion. The distances
between moving charges are less than the distances between
charges in rest. This change in distances is equivalent to some
additional electric charge and it is proportionally to the
velocity of motion. The effect was tested in superconductivity
circuit that was submitted in metal box (Faraday screen) and
when the current was created in it the changes of electrical
field were detected out of the box. It is possible only for
longitudinal electromagnetic wave to pass through metal screen
[3].
I have to note some connection with gravity experiments by
Podkletnov who is experimenting with superconductivity circuit.
The changes of weight he detected can be explained by
interaction with longitudinal electromagnetic wave. The wave is
the energy density wave and in area of the wave all
material things will change the structure and the weight. Sure,
it can be used for gravity drive design.
Dokutchaev's «charge equivalent» can be created both in
superconductivity state metals and biological plasma, Chernetsky
wrote. For the self-generating discharge the reason for
longitudinal wave is radial component of the current (charges
are moving both in axial direction between electrodes and they
are oscillating in radial direction). Most important point is
property of the wave to get energy from substance where the wave
is created. It is based on negative conductivity of the
substance Chernetsky calculated for the longitudinal wave. By
this reason, the second law of thermodynamics can be discussed:
if the vacuum consist of so called «virtual dipoles» so the
structure of space can be ordered (structured) or disordered
(unstructured). Chernetsky noted: the entropy is
increasing in material world but this changes always is
compensated by decrease of entropy (structuring) in physical
vacuum. N.A.Kozyrev consider the same balance as changes of
«density of time»: if some process, for example, crystallization
or dissipation is created in matter, the corresponding
compensation changes were detected in space near of the
process [4, page 386].
The waves are generated by biological plasma produce the same
structuring of the space and these «mind-forms» can demonstrate
interaction with real material objects since the energy density
wave are real energetically independent self-sustaining objects.
Experiments were produced by A.V.Chernetsky, Y.A.Galkin,
S.N.Kolokoltzev [1, p.84] to find changes in resistance of
electronic circuit element if the element was submitted between
plates of capacitor of self-generating discharge device. The
same experiment was organized to show the changes of the
oscillating frequency for quartz oscillator. The frequency was
changed in 1000 times and more. It is necessary to note that the
changes were unreversible after the structure of the elements
was changed by the energy density wave. Other interesting aspect
is long-time structuring of the space that was experimentally
proved by Chernetsky: the area of space between the plates of
the capacitor produced the same effects to change the structure
of matter after the capacitor was removed or disconnected from
self-generating discharge device.
In this short review I tried to join some things to show real
perspective ways for new technologies in most important
applications for energetics, spacecraft industry, medicine and
telecommunication. No matter if one consider it as far future
fantastic perspective. It is reality and all you need is to
create the arc by Alexander V. Chernetsky technology.
References
1. Chernetsky A.V., About physical nature of biological
energy phenomenons and its modeling, Moscow, publ., by All-Union
Correspondence Polytechnical Institute, 1989, ISBN
5-7045-0179-6.
2. Chernetsky A.V., Systems of electric charges separation
and biological energetics, 1981, Magazine «The problems of
medical electronics», number3, Taganrog.
3. Dokutchaev V.I., Theoretical investigation and
interpretation of some problems are connected with movement of
the electromagnetic energy, dissertation, Moscow Area
Pedagogical Institute, 1970.
4. Kozyrev N.A., Selected works, 1991, Leningrad,
Leningrad University.
5. Veinik A.I., Thermodynamics of real processes, Minsk,
Nauka i technique, 1991.
6. Nikola Tesla, «Pioneer Radio Engineer Gives Views on
Power», New York Herald Tribune, Sep.11, 1932. Also the concept
is developed by Thomas E. Bearden, Gravitobiology, Tesla Book
Company, CA, USA, 1991.
7. Mishin A.M., The Ether Model as Result of the New
Empirical Conception, Proceedings of International Conference
«New Ideas in Natural Sciences», p.95, by edition of Smirnov
A.P. and Frolov A.V., St.-Petersburg, 1996, publ., by
«PiK», St.-Petersburg 1996.
8. Frolov A.V., The work is created by means of potential
field, Proceedings of International Conference «New Ideas in
Natural Sciences», p.371, by edition of Smirnov A.P. and
Frolov A.V., St.-Petersburg, 1996, publ., by «PiK»,
St.-Petersburg 1996.
http://www.keelynet.com
From:
"duca@swcp.com" <David.A.Duca@swcp.com>
INERTIA1.ASC
But the reason I'm writing about this, is because of a
fascinating discovery made in Russia by Alexander Chernetski and
tentatively called the PLASMATRON. In our past meetings we have
discussed MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD) and the possibilities it
presented as an over-unity device. An ionized gas that was
'supercharged' with high density magnetic flux seems to exhibit
certain properties which Chernetskii claims to take advantage
of.
His description of the process;
"The self-generating discharge (SGD) emerges when the discharge
current reaches a definite critical density, when the magnetic
fields they create ensure magnetisation of plasma electrons and
they begin to perform MOSTLY CYCLOID movements. The
interaction of currents with their magnetic fields forces the
electrons to deviate to the cylinder-shaped discharge axis and
the electrical field emerges. It has proved to 'switch on'
the physical vacuum; in this field the vacuum is polarized and
consequently the virtual pairs begin to move IN A DEFINITE
DIRECTION, instead of chaotically. The current in the
circuit builds up and additional energy is discharged on the
resistor (that is) switched into the discharge circuit
(load). Clearly, only part of the tremendous vacuum energy
is extracted."
Note if you will, once the cycloid pattern is achieved, a
specific direction of thrust is generated to force all loose
electrons to be thrown off at whatever happens to be in its
path, in the Chernetskii case, an energy collector absorbs the
energy and then switches out the excess energy toload, such as a
motor, light bulb or other device that performs a useful
service. So, this is the same process as the inertial
drive, except instead of using the rotation of a MECHANICAL
part, we are using the spinning of the plasma, and instead of a
weight, we are using a magnetic flux of a CRITICAL DENSITY...
File Name : FROLOV1.ASC | Online Date : 09/09/95 | | Contributed
by : InterNet | Dir Category : ENERGY | | From : KeelyNet BBS |
FAX : (214) 324-3501 | | KeelyNet * PO BOX 870716 * Mesquite,
Texas * USA * 75187 | | A FREE Alternative Sciences BBS
sponsored by Vanguard Sciences | | InterNet email
jdecker@keelynet.com (Jerry Decker) | This superior file was
placed by Alexander Frolov on the InterNet and is the first
detail I have seen of the early experiments of Chernetskii and
Avramenko. Frolov links the experimental results of these two
researchers with the high voltage stress principles used in the
Testatika. Please note, this is early Chernetskii work, before
he creating the cycloid pattern in the plasma as discussed in
PLASMAFE.ASC on KeelyNet. Avramenko discovered a means of
transmitting power through a single wire. The wire could be cut,
tied in a bow and power would still move across the wires. The
inventor claimed he used a 'monovibrator' with a transmitter at
the power side and a receiver at the load side. I have tried to
clean up the file to some degree for a clearer understanding. It
is an excellent file with many clues.........>>> Jerry
From: "alex" Newsgroups:
alt.sci.physics.new-theories
Subject: Potential-Power transformation
Date: 2 Sep 1995 14:16:58 +0400
Organization: Alexander V. Frolov, Private Account
POTENTIAL-POWER TRANSFORMATION
Theory and experiments
by Alexander V. Frolov
P.O.Box 37, St.-Petersburg, 193024, Russia
email alex@frolov.spb.su
INTRODUCTION
The present article discusses the extraction of excess power
by means of an electric discharge (an arc). This extraction
technique relies on the application of a field of electric
potential (rather than current) for the creation of power.
DEFINITIONS Energy is the ability to do work. Power is the
process of work per unit of time. Potential is the value of
energy that can be used to make the work.
PREHISTORY
It is clear that any experimental data can be interpreted in
the light of different conceptions. Nikola Tesla's research
work for wireless power transmission from the point of view of
energetics can be described as the transformation of
high-voltage and high-frequency electric field energy as
output power to make produce useful work in a load. The
direction of some of Tesla's patent research [1] was the
derivation of excess power from electric discharges. Towards
the end of the 1960s Prof. Alexander V. Chernetsky and Uri A.
Galkin, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Moscow, carried
out experiments using strong arc currents and observed a
phenomenon they called, the "self- generating discharge".
Figure 1 shows the voltage U and current I for this special
case of arc.
Figure 1
_ _
/ \ current I
/\ \
/ \ \
_ / \ \ _ _
----------------\--------------------------- t
\ --
\ / \
\ _/ voltage U
Note
that for part of the cycle the current is increasing while the
voltage is decreasing.
dI/dt>0 for dU/dt<0 F.1
Negative resistance takes place
R = U/I F.2
This fact means that in the process of the self-generating
discharge, by Chernetsky, the power
P = I U F.3
is the inflow into the system from an outside source. Detailed
description of Chernetsky's experiments were published in
English in [2] and [3]. Power output was up to 500 Kwatts and
the proof of a reverse current from the experimental system
into the electric station was detected. The Swiss M-L
converter described in [4] and [5] uses a high potential
source like the Wimshurst machine where it is connected to
"spark gap cylinders". These devices are capacitors which have
spires between the cylinders to create a "slow electrical arc"
between the inner and outer cylinders.
SCHEMES FOR EXPERIMENTS
Let us find what is the common observations we can
extract from all the above technologies. Chernetsky's scheme
was published in the magazine Energy and Ecology '86 in
Russian, along with the following circuit:
Figure 2
I L1 I
I I
I________/\ /\ /\ ______I
\/ \/ \/
===============
___ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ ___
I \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ I
I L2 I
I I
__I__ _I_
_____ C1 I I (R1 is the Load consisting of
I I I R1 5 lamps in series)
I arc gap I___I
I__________ ___________I
I I
I Sw1 I
I____/ _____I
Figure 2
A.V.
Chernetsky used 5 lamps for 220 AC in series as the load. So,
the stepup transformer was rated at 220/1000 Volt, at 50 Hz.
The discharge gap had carbon electrodes. When switch Sw1 is
open the power in the load is increasing. I used a hand-made
stepup transformer rated at 28/2800 VAC at a 5 KHz input and
using a high-voltage lamp as the load and metal electrodes.
The gap was 2- 3 mm. A voltmeter and ammeter were used to
check the input power. You will find in this experiment that
the output power is increasing when the arc is energized,
while the power in the primary circuit is decreasing. You can
check that the Conservation Law is right: when Sw1 is closed
and the current of conductivity is in force, the connection to
the load will lead to an increase of the power consumed. So,
the "plasma element" in the circuit allows for the extraction
of additional power from OUTSIDE of the system and NOT from
the primary source. Now let us consider another simple
experiment that is closely connected with the scheme above. A
more detailed description of it is published in [6].
Use a high voltage metal piece, for example a screw-driver and
create an arc between the end of it and one wire of a
high-voltage transformer.
Figure 3
I I
high I L1 I
voltage I_ /\ /\ __I
transformer \/ \/ \/ _____________
================ ______________[ \
__/\ /\ /\ ____________ I metal [ insulator /
\/ \/ \/ arc I______________[ \
L2 [_____________/
Figure 3
Check the power input and be sure that the power process of
the arc is free from the input source. (I think he means no
direct short) There will be no power consumption increase
despite the powerful arc, which is sufficient to heat up the
screwdriver. The next version of the experiment is possible if
you have a single-polarity potential at the end of the wire
for a pulsed current transformer. You will note that with a
positive potential on one wire the arc is more powerful than
for the other wire. This difference is not demonstrated using
an AC transformer. Both ends of an AC coil can be used for
creation of the arc. This difference will show the nature of
this type of free power arc. Positive potential on the wire
will provide for the attraction of free electrons from the
metal of the screw-driver. It is not the current of
conductivity that you are witnessing, but the DISPLACEMENT
CURRENT.
Application of the above effect into a useful form can be made
like the well known Avramenko-Zaev-Lisin experiments [7].
The scheme is
Figure 4
I L1 I VD1
I /\ /\ /\ I ____|/|_____
\/ \/ \/ \/ I |\| I
================== A I _I_
_/\ /\ /\ /\____________I I I
\/ \/ \/ I I I R (load)
L2 I I_ _I
I____|\|_____I
|/|
VD2
Figure 4
The
alternating potential as measured at point A is sufficient to
establish a current of conductivity in the closed circuit of
VD1-VD2-R. This diode pair configuration is called
'Avramenko's plug'. I used for this scheme a 30 VAC hand-made
generator (variable oscillator) to supply the input for L1, at
a frequency of 10 KHz. The transformer was rated at 30/3000
Volts and the diodes rated at 1.5 KV. The ammeter can be used
as load R. Note that an ammeter placed between the transformer
and point A does not show any current drain. CONCLUSIONS These
circuits have experimentally proved the possibility of
producing power in a load by means of POTENTIAL ONLY! Using a
similar approach, mechanical motion, rotation and even a
propulsion force can be created. So, free energetics can be
formulated as the transformation of potential into power or
Energy-Power Transformation. Since the power is a process, the
question is the parameters of the process only. Alexander V.
Frolov REFERENCES 1. Speculations in Science and Technology,
Vol.13, Number 4, 1990, p.249, Donald Kelly, A Review of the
Free-Energy Scenario. 2. EFE-Denver Report, p.94-B22-02,
Vacuum Energy Developments, Andrew Michrowski, Published by
Planetary Association for Clean Energy, Inc., 100 Bronson Av.,
Suite 1001, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6G8, Canada. Order by email
100276.261@compuserve.com 3. A.V. Chernetsky, About physical
nature for bioenergy, Moscow, 1989, in Russian. 4. Newsletter
of Space Energy Association, Vol.2 p.3 Published by SEA/US,
P.O.Box 11422, Clearwater, FL 34616, USA. 5. Dr. Patrick G.
Bailey, Proceeding of Denver'94 Conference, "Other voices: A
Summary of Research not Present. Re: Paul Baumann's
Methernitha Free-Energy Machine. Institute for New Energy
email address: INE@padrak.com. 6. The single-wire electric
power transmission, A.V. Frolov, published by New Energy News,
December 1994, p.13-14. P.O.Box 58639, Salt Lake City, UT
84158-8639, USA. Email INE@padrak.com. 7. N.E.Zaev,
S.V.Avramenko, V.N.Lisin, "The measuring of Conduction Current
that is stimulated by Polarization current, Journal of Russian
Physical Society, No.2'1991, in Russian.
Vanguard Note... If
what this paper purports is true, then Bearden is correct in
his theory that potential alone can drive a useable load. Many
people have had problems with this claim, including me,
because every power appliance we use requires current and not
just potential (voltage). From my admittedly limited
understanding of the matter, any energy can be 'translated'
into a scalar form, which can be thought of as a stress
soliton (bubble) in space, rather hyperspace. That soliton can
simply exist in one location, can be 'thrown' like a ball, or
sequentially streamed in a wavetrain to a given location where
a receiver captures the solitons and translates them back into
3space. The nature of the energy sent using this method can be
totally different from the nature of the energy received. Once
translated to the 'base medium' of a scalar bubble (soliton),
it can be re-translated from hyperspace to 3space in a form
which is determined by the receiver characteristics. For
instance, you could use magnetic energy to create the stress
wave, send it to a receiver and re-translate it back into
3space IN THE FORM of light, electrical current, sound, heat,
physical vibration, whatever you choose. To quote from an old
book 'Light, when properly resisted, can be made to yield
sound', from 'Dweller on Two Planets', available for about $18
from Health Research, PO BOX 70, Mokelumne Hill, CA 95245. Ask
for one of their superb catalogs. It is interesting to note
the work of Hooper, who used a moebius form to produce what he
called a 'motional field', a PURE ELECTRIC FIELD or wave if
streamed in a wavetrain. Would not a pure electric field be
pure potential? Such a signal is INVISIBLE to matter and
normal instrumentation, therefore can be transmitted vast
distances without loss of energy by inductive, capacitive or
resistive sapping. I think there is a distinct possibility
that a pure motional (electric) field is in fact, a scalar
stress bubble! Our friend Peter Kelly, of Georgia, also
indicates this by claiming 'information as energy' where the
signature of a mass is held in a pure electric field. To alter
(transmute) a mass, you must suppress the magnetic to allow
access to the electric. Once the changes have been made in the
electric field, you restore the magnetic and the mass slowly
transmutes to fit its new pattern. So, the potential which
Frolov refers to, is probably a pure electric field which is
'translated' from its hyperspace form to CURRENT. Over the
past couple of years, I have been toying with the idea that
electricity is nothing more than a resistance to the flow of
magnetic force and that electricity simply would not exist
without resistance to its flow. But that's another tall
tale.....have fun and please share your findings should you
decide to experiment in this
area!...............................thanks...>>>
Jerry
http://www.qualight.com/ecomm/frolov/longwave.htm
"Application of Ether Longitudinal Waves
for Telecommunication Systems"
by Alexander V. Frolov
Scientific Expert of the Russian Physical Society
P.O.Box 37, 193024, St.-Petersburg, Russia
Tel: 7-812-2747877
Email: frolov@mail.dux.ru
By the ether concept, space is a physical substance that has a
known (electric constant e and magnet constant m) and unknow, as
of yet, properties. In any substance can be created so called
longitudinal waves. In a general case, these are oscillations of
the energy density in the direction of the wave spreading. In
Alexander Chernetsky's paper "On the Physical Nature of
Bioenergy Phenomenons and on their modeling", published in 1989,
is described the properties of longitudinal waves which are
created in so called "working bodies" (superconducting metal,
plasma (electric discharge) and biological plasma). The theory
of 1960, named as the "charge equivalent theory" was proposed by
V.I.Dokutchaev, Russia (1932 - 1990). Relative motion of
charges, according to Lorentz scale transformations, make the
change of distance between charges of a moving frame of
reference equivalent to an increase in charge density of the
current. In a moving system there is created an additional
equivalent charge:
q = (q0
/ 2) (u2 / C) by Dokutchaev
where q0 is
the charge in a motionless system, u is the velocity of the
system and c is the velocity of light. Dokutchaev's dissertation
of 1970 described some experiments: superconductors were placed
in an electromagnetically screened box (Faraday cage) but some
signal was detected outside of the box when current was created
in superconductor. The main conclusion is: longitudinal waves
can be created in space (in vacuum) by means of electric energy
and such sort waves is not screened by metal screens. Alexander
Chernetsky also described some experiments in which longitudinal
waves were created. In his version "the working body" is an
electric discharge. There is a known pinch - effect (interaction
between the electric current and magnetic field of this current)
that leads to high frequency oscillations of the plasma. Radial
components of the density current oscillations is responsible
for longitudinal waves which are spreading in radial direction
also [ 1 ]. More than 60 years ago Nikola Tesla wrote: " I
showed that the universal medium is a gaseous body in which only
longitudinal pulses can be propagated, involving alternating
compressions and expansions similar to those produced by sound
waves in the air. Thus, a wireless transmitter does not produce
Hertz waves, which are a myth, but sound waves in the ether,
behaving in every respect like those in the air, except that,
owing to the great elastic force and extremely small density of
the medium, their speed is that of light." It is part of
N.Tesla's article "Pioneer Radio Engineer Gives Views on Power",
published in New York Herald Tribune, Sept. 11, 1932, [ 2,
p.94]. American scientist Thomas E. Bearden explained this
statement of Tesla in this way: An ordinary receiver uses so
called "precessia of electrons" a phenomenon that is result of
interaction between the electron gas of antenna metal wires and
longitudinal waves [ 2 ]. Tesla wrote about a great mistake of
modern science: "The Hertz wave theory of wireless transmission
may be kept up for a while, but I do not hestitate to say that
in a short time it will recognized as one of most remarkable and
inexplicable aberrations of the scientific mind which has ever
been recorded in history", article "The True Wireless" [ 2, p.95
]. The technology of Tesla requires high potential sources (up
to millions of Volts) that produce high frequency oscillations.
The terminals that creates the longitudinal waves are spherical
metal surfaces (sphere capacitor). The synthesis of Tesla's
scheme and Dokutchaev's concept allows us to make the
conclusion: longitudinal waves are generated by means of a
changing energy density (electric charge density). Let's call it
the function r(t). In a Hertz transmitter there is a changing
energy density also, but it is linear density r1(t):
the density of electric current in the wire of the antenna. It
is a one-dimensional density of energy. In Tesla's sphere
capacitor there is a change of charge value that is placed on
the surface of the capacitor. So, it is a two-dimensional
density of energy r2(t). N.Kozyrev [ 3 ] created so
called "waves of density of time" by means of non-electrical
methods: rotation plus axial vibrations of a gyroscope,
deformation of a material body, diffusion and dissolving or
crystallization of the matter, fading of plants and so on.
Different detectors for such sort waves were used: the
electrical component of the was were detected by means of a
galvanometer, the gravitational component of the wave was
detected by means of the weighing-machine, the chronal component
of the wave was detected by means of an electronic scheme that
used so called "Winston bridge" since electrical properties of
the electronics components are changing in the wave area. These
three methods showed the next: any type of change of matter
structure that can be presented as r(t) (i.e. a change of
density of energy) is the method for generation of the
longitudinal wave. For example, if it is a change of volume
density of matter, we can write the three-dimensional density
function r3(t). It is connected with the well-known
Poisson equation for gravitation. There are more complex methods
for longitudinal wave creation. R. Ziolkovsky, Physical Review
A, vol.39, p.2005, wrote in the paper "Localized Transmission of
Electromagnetic Energy" about his experiments. Before the
electromagnetic version, R. Ziolkovsky created an analogy in
liquid to study the properties of wave and to create an optimum
antenna system. What method of the energy density modulation is
the best for telecommunication systems? Some experiments prove
the possibility that living biosystem create longitudinal waves
[ 1 , p. 50 ]. By this analogy there is the possibility for
creation of a technical system.
References: 1.
Alexander Chernetsky, "On The Physical Nature of Bioenergy
Phenomenons and on Their Modeling", published in 1989 by Moscow
Politechnical Institute. 2. T.E. Bearden, Gravitobiology, 1991,
published by Tesla Book Company, P.O. Box
121873, Chula Vista, CA 91912, USA. 3. N.Kozyrev, collection of
papers, published by Leningrad University, 1991.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/18953940/Work-of-Potential-Field-to-
Work
of Potential Field to ..
A. Frolov
http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0643932
STINET (Scientific Technical
Information Network) -- the Defense Technical Information
Center (DTIC)
Accession
Number : AD0643932
GAS
DISCHARGE SOURCES OF IONS AND ATOMS WITH A GLOWING CATHODE,
Kozlov,
O. V. ; Skoblo, Yu. A. ; Chernetskii, A. V.
Report Date : 29 AUG
1966
Abstract : The article
introduces the results of work on sources with uninterrupted and
pulsed regimes. Special attention is devoted to obtaining a well
focused ion bundle and significant densities of the ion flux on
a collector that is some distance (from several tens of
centimeters to several meters) from the source. The source was
used for probing the plasma with beams of fast particles.
(Author)
http://www.ssf-technologies.com/html/english.htm
http://library.timacad.ru/sources/electr_izd/kovalev/6_vvodnie.htm
http://library.timacad.ru/sources/electr_izd/kovalev/6_upravl.htm
Chapter
6 -- “Theory of Harvest”
by Prof . V. M. Kovalev
Chapter 6.1 TECHNOLOGY OF
FUTURE
Controlling the live organisms and
systems while using the low energy factors
...In our investigations for increasing the functional
activeness of plants, the quantum resonance radiator was used
(Kovalev, Kalashnikov, Belov, 1998). The the field generated by
the hydrogen gas discharging generator (HGG) has definite energy
informational characteristics (power, frequency, periodicity and
duration of radiation, wavelength), the change in the parameters
of which ensures the address ness of its action and optimization
of physiological biochemical processes considering the genetic
features of the organism. The power of HGG flow onto the object
constitutes - 0.5 – 1.5 W/m 2 in the field of invisible
radiation with maximum 200 – 300 hm and frequency of waves from
10 to 100 MHz.
This electrophysical generator of action (patent of Russian
Federation: No 2033200 dt 28.07.94, No 2045881 dt 28.11.94, No
2057552 dt 19.04.95) presents an electron block, the purpose of
which is the creation and maintenance of plasma of high
frequency arc discharge (effect, invented by A. V. Chernetskii,
1989) in the mode of oscillatory arc discharge in hydrogen
plasma, leading to the creation of electric field of larger
intensities, directed perpendicular to the axis of discharge.
The discharge is realized inside the ceramic bottle of
cylindrical shape (discharge lamp). The acting factor, leading
to the increase in the functional active ness of live organisms,
shall be the signal of special form (SSF)*, which is translated
with the help of informational – acting complex, presented as a
device on the base of a LAPTOP type computer with original soft
ware. The device has the provision of recording system and
transfer of primary action of generator in time and space. The
form, orientation and properties of reproduced space of primary
action – such as, of initial field.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976AvTek..19R.110C
Plasma
Acceleration in Nonuniform Magnetic Fields
Chernetskii, A. V.
( Aviatsionnaia
Tekhnika, vol. 19, no. 3, 1976, p. 110-114.) Soviet Aeronautics, vol.
19, no. 3, 1976, p. 81-84. Translation.
Publication Date: 00/1976
Bibliographic Code: 1976AvTek..19R.110C
http://www.aspden.org/reports/Es8/Rep8.htm
ENERGY SCIENCE REPORT
NO. 8 ( 1996 )
"POWER FROM SPACE: THE CORREA INVENTION"
http://www.jeanemanning.ca/articles/russian_discoveries.php
Atlantis Rising ( June 2002 )
FORMER IRON CURTAIN HID
REVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH
CONFERENCES REVEAL ENERGY DISCOVERIES FROM FORMER SOVIET UNION
... A focus on the East must include the late Professor
Aleksandr Chernetskii of Moscow. He developed a plasma generator
said to convert vacuum energy into electricity. A press release
at the time quoted Chernetskii as saying experiments with
different circuits proved that the energy output was always
greater than the input. The mysterious effect was called the
self-generating discharge. One experiment with a powerful plasma
unit burned out the huge megawatt electrical substation of the
Moscow Aviation Institute. The discharge had reached a critical
point in which superstrong current flowed from the generator and
back into wires to the substation. In an experiment with an
input of 700 watts, the generator produced nearly five times as
much.