Cold Fusion Patents
USP Appln. # 2005/0276366
Low Temperature Nuclear Fusion
John Dash
A method of producing energy is described. The method comprises providing a container for receiving an electrolyte composition, a cathode and an anode. An electrolyte composition is formed comprising deuterium oxide and an ionizable acid. A sufficient amount of the electrolyte composition is placed in the container to at least partially cover a cathode made from a metal selected from the group consisting of nonhydride forming metals and to at least partially cover an inert anode situated inside the container. The cathode and anode are connected to a source of electricity and a voltage is applied across the cathode and anode. The present invention can be used to reprucibly produce heat energy.
USP Application # 2003/202623
Method and Arrangement for Nuclear Reactions at Low TemperaturesHeinrich Hora & George Miley
Abstract ~ Aspects of the present invention include a non-metal, a hydrogen absorbing metal, a selected isotope to be exposed to ions of hydrogen or ions of isotopes of hydrogen, and a hydrogen source. The hydrogen source can be an electrolytic solution, a gas or plasma. In some embodiments the hydrogen absorbing metal covers the non-metal to form a microsphere. The hydrogen absorbing metal is positioned to contact the hydrogen source. Further, the hydrogen absorbing metal can be made of multiple layers of dissimilar metals with different Fermi energy levels. The multiple layers of metals have interfaces where swimming electron layers exist. Interfaces between the non-metal, hydrogen absorbing metal, and the hydrogen source also exist with swimming electron layers. The selected isotope is placed in these regions of swimming electron layers to be exposed to the ions of hydrogen and its isotopes from the hydrogen source.
German Patent # 4,123,995
Cold Nuclear Fusion GenerationJohn Kelly
Abstract ~ Several layers of different elements, alloys or cpds. are generated by sputtering process using deuterium, and at least some have high absorption capacity for hydrogen or its isotopes. The layers can be of titanium, iron, palladium, zircon etc., with intermediate layers of silicon or other non-metallic material increasing the adhesiveness. The layer surfaces can be roughened, either by prodn. process or further mechanical, electrical or chemical action. For atomic sputtering deuterium can be used, and mixts. with argon or heavier inert gases, also further deuterium-ion sources during and after the sputtering process. Advantage - Improved penetration of lighter deuterium particles into metal deposited layer.
German Patent # 4,027,784
Cold Fusion Device for Energy Generation - with Metal Layers Forming InterfacesHeinrich Hora
Abstract ~ In an arrangement for prodn. of cold fusion, with liberation of energy, layers of at least two different metals with high absorption for deuterium are produced. Pref. combinations of Pd, Ti, Ta, V, Tl, Zr, Ce, Th, Fe, Co, and Ni are used. Alloys of these elements can be used, where alloy concn. is constant or vanes in a controlled way with distance from the interface. Layers are formed by molecular beam epitaxy in ultra-high vacuum. ADVANTAGE - Reproducibility of energy generation.
German Patent # 4,009,604
Cold Fusion Energy Generating Source for Nuclear Reaction ControlHeinrich Hora
Abstract ~ Source uses host materials for storing high concns. of deuterium (D2) in layers, in the form of a laminate of chemically different materials. Pref. materials are Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Ti, Zr, Hf or the elements immediately adjacent to these. Xe135 is included in concn. of up to 10%. The materials are in thin films or plates and D2 is introduced between them in gas form or electrolytically opt. with applied electric field. The supply of D2 and/or abstraction of the thermal energy generated is controlled. USE/ADVANTAGE - D2 between layers of material minimises deterioration of the surfaces, esp. contamination, in cold fusion reactors. The generator can give an energy of 100 kW/cc. Its size can be varied widely, from large generators to small sources in houses or cars. For a car used for a few hrs. a day, ca. 10-100 g D2/year are needed.
German Patent # 3,910,806
Method and Arrangement for Nuclear Reactions at Low TemperaturesHeinrich Hora & George Miley
Abstract ~ The invention relates to a method and an arrangement in which nuclear reactions can be brought about in a condensed (solid or liquid) material (cold fusion), which reactions do not in any case have to be identical with the normal reactions of nuclear fusion at high temperatures in a plasma and which are generated in that isotopes of hydrogen at high concentration are taken up in the condensed material. According to the invention, for a concentrated generation of energy or for an intensive generation of radioactive radiation, a large surface of the condensed material, maintained particularly clean according to the invention, is used.
USP Application # 2003/230481
Flake-Resistant Multilayer Thin-Film Electrodes and Electrolytic Cells Incorporating SameGeorge Miley
Abstract ~ Described are preferred multilayer, thin-film electrodes (11) that have improved resistance to flaking or cracking under conditions of operation. Also described are electrolytic cells (17) incorporating such electrodes (11), and methods for selecting electrode materials to facilitate reaction rates, energy production, and/or to shift the average mass number of transmuted products to lighter or heavier values. Preferred electrodes (11) have a plurality of thin-film conductive layers (14) supported on generally concave surfaces (13).
US Patent Application # 2003/159922
Electrical Cells, Components and MethodsGeorge Miley
Abstract ~ Preferred electrode devices (10) including a substrate (11) and cathode (13) and anode material (12) coated thereon in discreet locations are described. The cathode materials desirably include multiple layers of thin metal films (14). Preferred cell devices including conductive elements and a solid state source of charged ions for migration into and through the conductive elements are also described.
WO # 9919881
Low Temperature Electrolytic Nuclear TransmutationJames Patterson & George Miley
Abstract ~ A method for producing low temperature nuclear transmutations by electrolysis in an aqueous media. New elements produced by transmutation are identified as having discrete peaks in occurrence by atomic number (Z) and by atomic mass (A). New complex nuclei produced by transmutation are idendified as having existed based upon the nature and occurrences of fission transmutation elements produced. The electrolytic cell (12) includes a non-conductive housing (14) having an inlet (54) and an outlet (56) and spaced apart first and second conductive grids (38 & 44) positioned therein. A plurality of cross-linked polymer non-metallic cores each having a uniform conductive exterior metallic surface formed of a high hydrogen absorbing material form a bed (35) of conductive beads (36) closely packed within the housing (14) in electrical contact with the first grid (38) adjacent the inlet (54). An electric power source (15, 16) in the system (10) is operably connected across the first and second grids (38 & 44).
WO # 9803699
Nuclear Transmuted Elements Having Unnatural Isotopic Distributions by Electrolysis & Method of Production1-29-1998
James Patterson & George Miley
Abstract ~ A method for producing low temperature nuclear transmutations which occur during electrolysis in an aqueous medium within a cell (12). New elements produced by transmutation during operation of the cell are both higher and lower in atomic mass than the original element undergoing transmutation. Many of the new elements also exhibit isotopic shifts from natural isotope abundance. The electrolytic cell (12) includes a non-conductive housing (14) having an inlet (54) and an outlet (56) and spaced apart first and second conductive grids (38 and 44) positioned within the housing (14). A plurality of preferably cross-linked polymer non-metallic cores each having a uniform conductive exterior metallic surface formed of a high hydrogen absorbing material, such as a metallic hydride forming material, form a bed (35) of conductive beads (36) closely packed within the housing (14) in electrical contact with the first grid (38) adjacent the inlet (54). An electric power source (15, 16) in the system (10) is operably connected across the first and second grid (38 and 44) whereby electrical current flows between the grids (38 and 44) and within the aqueous medium (59) flowing through the cell (12) during cell operation.
WO # 9740211
Electrolytic Cell & Method for Producing Excess Heat & for Transmutation by ElectrolysisJames Patterson & George Miley
Abstract ~ An electrolytic cell (12), system (10) and method for producing excess quantities of heat as a result of low temperature nuclear transmutations which occur during electrolysis in an aqueous media within the cell (12). The electrolytic cell (12) includes a non-conductive housing (14) having an inlet (54) and an outlet (56) and spaced apart first and second conductive grids (38 & 44) positioned within the housing (14). A plurality of preferably cross linked polymer non-metallic cores each having a uniform conductive exterior metallic surface formed of a high hydrogen absorbing material, such as metallic hybride forming material, form a bed (35) of conductive beads (36) closely packed within the housing (14) in electrical contact with the first grid (38) adjacent the inlet (54). An electric power source (15, 16) in the system (10) is operably connected across the first and second grid (38 & 44) whereby electrical current flows between the grids (38 & 44) and within the aqueous media (59) flowing through the cell (12).
USP # 4,027,784
Cold Fusion Device for Energy Generation - with Metal Layers Forming InterfacesHeinrich Hora, et al.
Abstract ~ In an arrangement for prodn. of cold fusion, with liberation of energy, layers of at least two different metals with high absorption for deuterium are produced. Pref. combinations of Pd, Ti, Ta, V, Tl, Zr, Ce, Th, Fe, Co, and Ni are used. Alloys of these elements can be used, where alloy concn. is constant or vanes in a controlled way with distance from the interface. Layers are formed by molecular beam epitaxy in ultra-high vacuum. ADVANTAGE - Reproducibility of energy generation.
German Patent # 3,910,806
Method and Arrangement for Nuclear Reactions at Low TemperaturesHeinrich Hora & George Miley
Abstract ~ The invention relates to a method and an arrangement in which nuclear reactions can be brought about in a condensed (solid or liquid) material (cold fusion), which reactions do not in any case have to be identical with the normal reactions of nuclear fusion at high temperatures in a plasma and which are generated in that isotopes of hydrogen at high concentration are taken up in the condensed material. According to the invention, for a concentrated generation of energy or for an intensive generation of radioactive radiation, a large surface of the condensed material, maintained particularly clean according to the invention, is used.
Japan Patent # 6,317,686
Low Temperature Nuclear Fusion MethodReiko Notoya
Abstract ~ Purpose: To generate a large quantity of excess heat and enable the long-term repeated use of an electrode by performing the electrolysis of a light water solution of electrolyte, with a porous body, formed of transition metal or the like of a specific volume % in porosity, as a negative electrode. Constitution: Metal elements forming porous metal used as a negative electrode are transition metals (Ni, Co, Pt, and the like), Al, Sn or stainless steel. The porosity of the negative electrode is to be 0.5-35vol.%. It is desirable that the negative electrode is a compact formed by using spherical bodies approximately of the same grain diameter (10-30mum) and that micro pores are filled with hydrogen, oxygen, He gas or an electrolytic solution prior to dipping the porous part in the electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution is light water (purified light water) with electrolyte dissolved, and K2CO3, CoSO4, or the like is desirable as the electrolyte. Two kinds or more can be mixed and used as the electrolyte, and its concentration is desirably 0.1mol/l or more. Bath voltage at the time of electrolysis is desirably 2-10V, and the temperature is 0-300 deg.C or higher.
Japan Patent # 10039096
Production of Positron Emission IsotopeReiko Notoya
Abstract ~ Problem: To produce a positron emission isotope M through controllable nuclear reaction by performing electrolysis of an electrolytic system, e.g. a gas phase containing a simple substance gas, compound molecules or ions, water, a waste water solvent or an electrolyte of fused salt using an electrode causing normal temperature nuclear fusion chain reaction. Solution: When a light water solution of carbonate of Li Na, K, Rb or Cs having a specified concentration is subjected electrolysis using a porous Ni electrode causing normal temperature nuclear fusion chain reaction and emitted ? -rays are observed through a germanium ? -ray spectral analyzer, the peak is increased at 510keV in any solution, for example. The peak is a ? -ray of 510keV being emitted at the time of 'positron annihilation' of Cu64. Through electrolysis in such a reaction system, even the metal of electrode material reacts on a nucleon or the like generated through the reaction of electrolysis and thereby a nuclear conversion takes place. Conditions of electrolysis can be controlled accurately by controlling the current and only a target substance can be produced accurately.
Japan Patent # 9,197,077
Electrode for Cold Nuclear Fusion & Method for Manufacturing Radioactive & Nonradioactive Element & Pervious Metal by Nuclear Transformation in ElectrodeReiko Notoya
Abstract ~ Problem: To obtain an electrode for cold nuclear fusion which can manufacture isotopes, precious metals, rare elements or thermal energy through nuclear transformation by containing as a material for the electrode a substance which can cause nuclear transformation. Solution: Radioactive or nonradioactive isotopes are manufactured by the nuclear transformation in an electrode and the combination of nuclear reactions such as neutron capture and natural nuclear disintegration of products made through the nuclear reactions. The kinds of manufactured isotopes are very numerous, and it is especially easy to obtain non-single isotopes. Since the conditions of electrolysis can be controlled very precisely, it is possible to manufacture only target substances precisely. For an electrode for cold nuclear fusion, an element whose atomic number is close to that of a precious metal or a rare element is chosen as a substance which can cause nuclear transformation, or a material for the nuclear transformation of a precious metal and a rare element. For example, W, Ag, Sn and Pt are cited as materials for platinum-family metals and gold. As materials for rare elements, chemical species such as the halogen family, alkaline metals, Po and W are chosen.
Japan Patent # 6,317,686
Low Temperature Nuclear Fusion MethodReiko Notoya
Abstract ~ Purpose: To generate a large quantity of excess heat and enable the long-term repeated use of an electrode by performing the electrolysis of a light water solution of electrolyte, with a porous body, formed of transition metal or the like of a specific volume % in porosity, as a negative electrode. Constitution: Metal elements forming porous metal used as a negative electrode are transition metals (Ni, Co, Pt, and the like), Al, Sn or stainless steel. The porosity of the negative electrode is to be 0.5-35vol.%. It is desirable that the negative electrode is a compact formed by using spherical bodies approximately of the same grain diameter (10-30mum) and that micro pores are filled with hydrogen, oxygen, He gas or an electrolytic solution prior to dipping the porous part in the electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution is light water (purified light water) with electrolyte dissolved, and K2CO3, CoSO4, or the like is desirable as the electrolyte. Two kinds or more can be mixed and used as the electrolyte, and its concentration is desirably 0.1mol/l or more. Bath voltage at the time of electrolysis is desirably 2-10V, and the temperature is 0-300 deg.C or higher.
Japan Patent # 2,094,364
Electrode for Oxygen Electrode Reaction & Manufacture ThereofReiko Notoya & Masyuki Kobayashi
Abstract ~ Purpose: To stably realize the theoretical value of equilibrium oxygen electrode potential and to obtain an electrode having strong structure, excellent corrosion resistance at low cost by supporting an active layer comprising platinum and iridium oxide with an electrode substrate made of stainless steel, titanium, or nickel. Constitution: An active layer comprising platinum and iridium oxide is supported with an electrode substrate made of stainless steel, titanium, or nickel. The active layer is formed in the contact state, or the mixed state of platinum and iridium oxide or in the form of two layers of platinum and iridium oxide. When it is formed with two layers, either one can be used as the under layer. The electrode substrate is preferable to be a plate or porous. The theoretical value of equilibrium oxygen electrode potential is stably realized and an electrode having strong structure and excellent corrosion resistance can be obtained at low cost.
USP # 4,917,972
Electrode for Use in Oxygen Electrode ReactionReiko Notoya & Tatsumi Nagayama
Abstract ~ An electrode for use in oxygen electrode reaction wherein an electrode activation material layer made of IrO2 is disposed to the surface of an electrode substrate made of platinum or platinum graphite. Since the oxygen equilibrium potential approximate to the theoretical value can be obtained stably the electromotive force of the cell can be increased and a great current can be taken out.
Japan Patent # 7,174,878
Negative Electrode for Ordinary Temperature Nuclear Fusion Chain Reaction, Its Manufacture, Electrolyte for Chain ReactionReiko Notoya
Abstract ~ Purpose: To stationarily maintain the ordinary temperature nuclear fusion chain reaction and generate a large quantity of excess heat by using a negative electrolytic solution made of a specific porous metal and an electrolyte made of a light water solution of a specific compound. Constitution: The metal powder selected from transition metal, aluminum, tin, and stainless steel and having the grain size of 10nm-100mum is pressurized and molded at the ordinary temperature or a high temperature, or it is heated after molding. A negative electrode for an ordinary temperature nuclear fusion chain reaction electrode made of a porous metal having the porosity of 0.5-80vol.% is manufactured. A light water solution of an electrolyte made of at least one kind of compound selected within a hydroxide and a carbonic acid compound of alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, elements of the group 3A, and transition metal is used for an electrolytic solution. When negative polarization is conducted with a porous negative polarization electrode in the electrolytic solution, hydrogen electrode reaction occurs. Nuclear reaction occurs on the boundary layer of the negative electrode electrolytic solution and in the electrode metal, and a large quantity of heat is obtained.