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Tadayuki IMANAKA, et al.
Synthetic Petroleum
Nanobubble O2 in H2O treated with UV & TiO2 photocatalyst activates water; add petroleum and CO2; yields 5-10+ oil.
https://soranews24.com/2015/10/06/kyoto-professor-makes-petroleum-easily-using-only-water-and-carbon-dioxide-we-think/
Kyoto professor makes petroleum easily using only water and carbon dioxide…we think
... a professor from Kyoto University and his team have found a way to create petroleum efficiently and cheaply. Their method uses no energy-consuming high pressures or temperatures and only requires water, petroleum, and carbon dioxide. As a result, it can be done so cheaply that KTV reported 100 yen (US$0.83) of oil can be synthesized using only 3 yen ($0.02) worth of electricity....
Professor Tadayuki Imanaka’s technique can be done anywhere with very little energy and just a few pieces of specialized equipment. The first step involves creating an amount of activated water. This is made with nanobubbles (very, very small bubbles) of oxygen in electrolysed water under UV light along with a catalyst.
Then petroleum is mixed in with the activated water. As the saying goes, oil and water don’t mix so it needs some substantial shaking to get an emulsion. While the oil and water are blending together a substance containing CO2 is added to the mix.
fter when the mixture settles and separates again the amount of water is decreased but the amount of petroleum is increased. Imanaka says that the amount of increase depends on the type of oil used such as kerosene or light oil, but ranges from 5 to 10 percent.
The potential
Imanaka is confident that this method is effective and hopes a system of mass production can be developed as early as next year. After that his synthetic oil can be made for use in the market in large and cheap quantities.
He also claims this oil will be cleaner burning since it doesn’t release certain greenhouse gases that contain sulfur and nitrogen like natural crude oil does. Furthermore, synthesizing Imanaka’s oil would require collecting and using carbon dioxide which could help in reducing its impact on the environment as well.
This form of petroleum does have some obvious drawbacks. Firstly it requires water which also isn’t a limitless resource. And it is still oil which does result in pollution when burned for energy....
https://www.omicsonline.org/proceedings/an-efficient-way-of-producing-fuel-hydrocarbon-from-co2-and-activated-water-82942.html
DOI: 10.4172/2161-0401-C1-021
4th European Organic Chemistry Congress
An efficient way of producing fuel hydrocarbon from CO2 and activated water
Tadayuki Imanaka
Ritsumeikan University, Japan
Abstract
Here, we show that petroleum can be formed efficiently at normal temperatures and pressures from carbon dioxide and activated water. The CO2- nano-bubble containing water was treated with TiO2 catalysis in the presence of oxygen under UV irradiation. The activated water was mixed vigorously with kerosene or light oil and carbon dioxide to form an emulsion. The emulsion gradually separated into a two-phase solution. After phase separation, the volume of kerosene or light oil, depending on which oil was utilized, increased by 5 to 10%. Oxygen gas is converted to ozone and further to reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals. The reactive oxygen species may reduce carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, as follows, 2 CO2 ⇔ 2CO+O2 (reaction 1), the generated carbon monoxide may form hydrogen from water, as follows, CO+H2O⇔CO2+H2 (reaction 2), as a total, CO2+H2O⇔CO+H2+O2 (reaction 3). All reactions were carried out at room temperature and normal pressure. The oil generation reaction may occur as radical emulsion polymerization in micelles and be written as follows, nCO+(2n+1)H2⇒CnH2n+2+nH2O (reaction 4). From reactions 3 and 4, mass balance is shown as follows, nCO2+(n+1)H2⇒CnH2n+2+nO2 (reaction 5).
Biography
Tadayuki Imanaka has graduated from Osaka University, receiving his Bachelor of Engineering degree in 1967. He finished his Post-graduate course at the same university, receiving his Master of Engineering degree in 1969. He was awarded the Doctor of Engineering degree from Osaka University in 1973. He was a Postdoctoral Research Associate at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) from 1973 to 1974. He is an Associate Professor of Biotechnology at Osaka University since 1981 and Professor of Biotechnology at Osaka University since 1989. He is a Professor at Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University since 1996 and Professor at Department of Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University since April, 2008. He was awarded the following awards: Biotechnology Award of the Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan, in 2001; Arima Prize of Japanese Biotechnology Association, in 2001; Fellow in American Academy of Microbiology, in 2003; The Chemical Society of Japan Award, in 2005 and Japan Society for Environmental Biotechnology Award, in 2008. He was selected as a Member of Science Council of Japan, since 2005. He received the Purple Ribbon Medal from Japanese Emperor in 2010.
Email:imanaka@sk.ritsumei.ac.jp
FIELD: chemical industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for the synthesis of hydrocarbons. Method of synthesis of hydrocarbons is carried out by restoring carbon dioxide in water, in which oxygen nanobubbles are formed by supplying oxygen to water containing carbon dioxide; water, containing oxygen nanobubbles, is irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence of a photocatalyst to produce active oxygen; and carbon dioxide is reduced in the presence of active oxygen. Device for the synthesis of hydrocarbons is also claimed.EFFECT: technical result is an increase in the yield of hydrocarbons.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by reducing carbon dioxide in water.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] As a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by reducing carbon dioxide in water, there has hitherto been known a method in which the synthesis is performed by adding hydrogen under conditions of high temperature and high pressure. However, such a conventional method performs the synthesis by adding hydrogen under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and accordingly is unfortunately high in the apparatus cost, and makes cumbersome the apparatus maintenance.
[0003] Consequently, there has been proposed a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon without requiring the addition of hydrogen and the conditions of high temperature and high pressure (for example, see Japanese Patent No. 5131444). In the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon shown in Japanese Patent No. 5131444, a gas column of carbon dioxide is formed in water, a swirling flow of water is generated around the gas column, thus carbon dioxide is fed into water as fine gas bubbles, the water containing fine gas bubbles of carbon dioxide is irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence of a photocatalyst in the atmospheric pressure atmosphere to reduce the carbon dioxide, and thus a hydrocarbon is synthesized.
[0004] However, in the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon as shown in Japanese Patent No. 5131444, the formation of a gas column of carbon dioxide in water is always required, and the generation of a swirling flow of water around the gas column of carbon dioxide is also required; thus, a mechanism for forming the gas column of carbon dioxide and the swirling flow of water is required, and thus, the reaction mechanism is unfortunately complicated.
[0005] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon, capable of efficiently synthesizing a hydrocarbon by reducing carbon dioxide in water on the basis of an easy reaction mechanism, and an apparatus for synthesizing a hydrocarbon.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The invention according to a first aspect of the present invention is a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by reducing carbon dioxide in water, wherein nanobubbles of oxygen are generated by feeding oxygen into water containing carbon dioxide, water containing the nanobubbles of oxygen is irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence of a photocatalyst to produce active oxygen, and carbon dioxide is reduced in the presence of the active oxygen.
[0007] The invention according to a second aspect of the present invention is a method wherein in the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the first aspect, carbon dioxide is reduced in the presence of a separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon and the active oxygen produced from the nanobubbles of oxygen.
[0008] The invention according to a third aspect of the present invention is an apparatus for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by reducing carbon dioxide in water, including a nanobubble generation unit for generating nanobubbles of oxygen by feeding oxygen into water containing carbon dioxide, and an ultraviolet light irradiation unit for irradiating the water containing nanobubbles of oxygen generated by the nanobubble generation unit with ultraviolet light in the presence of a photocatalyst, wherein carbon dioxide is reduced in the presence of active oxygen produced by irradiating the water containing nanobubbles of oxygen with ultraviolet light by the ultraviolet light irradiation unit.
[0009] According to the present invention, a hydrocarbon is synthesized by reducing carbon dioxide in the presence of active oxygen produced by irradiating water containing nanobubbles of oxygen with ultraviolet light, and accordingly, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized simply by using water containing carbon dioxide. Accordingly, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized with an easy reaction mechanism, and at the same time, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized efficiently.
[0010] In addition, according to the present invention, carbon dioxide is reduced in the presence of a separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon and the active oxygen produced from the nanobubbles of oxygen, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized in a larger amount.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an outline of a configuration of an embodiment of a synthesis apparatus for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the present invention; and
[0012] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an outline of a configuration of another embodiment of a synthesis apparatus for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0013] First, the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the present invention (the first method), and the synthesis apparatus of the first method.
[0014] As shown in FIG. 1, the synthesis apparatus 10 for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the present invention includes: a water tank 11 for containing carbon dioxide-dissolved water A; a nanobubble generator 12 (an example of “the nanobubble generation unit”) for generating nanobubbles of oxygen (ultrafine bubbles of oxygen of a few hundred nanometers or less); and a photocatalyst apparatus 14 (an example of “the ultraviolet light irradiation unit”) for irradiating the water A containing nanobubbles of oxygen with ultraviolet light in the presence of a photocatalyst (such as titanium oxide or zinc oxide).
[0015] In the water tank 11, a predetermined amount of water A allowed to pass through a reverse osmosis membrane is contained. In the water A contained in the water tank 11, carbon dioxide is dissolved. It is to be noted that although not shown in FIG. 1, a carbon dioxide feed source such as a carbon dioxide cylinder is provided outside the water tank 11, and there may be adopted a configuration in which carbon dioxide is fed from the aforementioned carbon dioxide feed source to the water tank 11 (a configuration to fill the interior of the water tank 11 with carbon dioxide). The water A is not limited to water allowed to pass through a reverse osmosis membrane, but any carbon dioxide-dissolving water may be adopted. The water A is preferably a water allowed to pass through a reverse osmosis membrane to remove impurities such as ions or salts.
[0016] The nanobubble generator 12 is an ultrafine pore type nanobubble generator. The nanobubble generator 12 is connected to an oxygen feed source 15 such as an oxygen cylinder, and generates nanobubbles of oxygen in the interior of the water tank 11 on the basis of the oxygen fed from the oxygen feed source 15.
[0017] The nanobubble generator 12 includes an oxygen jetting section for jetting a gaseous layer (gas bubbles) of oxygen and a water jetting section for jetting the water A in the water tank 11. In the nanobubble generator 12, the oxygen jetting section and the water jetting section are placed in the water tank 11.
[0018] In the oxygen jetting section, a special ceramic filter having nano-level fine pores is arranged, and from the aforementioned fine pores, a gaseous layer (gas bubbles) of oxygen is jetted. In the water jetting section, the water A in the water tank 11 is jetted to the special ceramic filter, and consequently the liquid flow of the water A flows on the surface of the special ceramic filter.
[0019] In the nanobubble generator 12, by giving the liquid flow of the water A in the water tank 11 to the boundaries of the fine pores of the special ceramic filter, the gaseous layer (gas bubbles) of oxygen jetted from the oxygen jetting section (fine pores) is finely cut. Then, the cut gaseous layer (gas bubbles) of oxygen is compressed by the surface tension of the water A in the water tank 11, and thus nanobubbles (ultrafine gas bubbles) of oxygen are generated. It is to be noted that the nanobubble generator 12 is not limited to an ultrafine pore type, and may be any other heretofore known nanobubble generator that is an apparatus capable of generating nanobubbles of oxygen.
[0020] As shown in FIG. 1, the photocatalyst apparatus 14 has UV lamps 13 for irradiating the water A containing nanobubbles of oxygen with ultraviolet light, and a reaction tube 17 provided with a photocatalyst in the interior thereof. The UV lamps 13 are arranged around the reaction tube 17, and radiate ultraviolet light to the reaction tube 17. The reaction tube 17 is a tubular vessel capable of transmitting ultraviolet light, and is constituted so as to allow the water A containing nanobubbles of oxygen to pass through the inside thereof.
[0021] In the photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water A containing nanobubbles of oxygen is fed at a predetermined flow rate in the inside of the reaction tube 17 charged with a photocatalyst, and the aforementioned water A passing through the inside of the reaction tube 17 is irradiated with ultraviolet light. Then, the water A having passed through the photocatalyst apparatus 14 is again got back to the photocatalyst apparatus 14 by a circulation pump 16, and is circulated for a predetermined time by the circulation pump 16.
[0022] In the synthesis apparatus 10, first, nanobubbles of oxygen are generated by the nanobubble generator 12 in the water A containing carbon dioxide in the water tank 11. In this way, the generated nanobubbles of oxygen stay in the water A in the water tank 11 (visually transparent). Then, the water A containing the generated nanobubbles of oxygen is fed to the photocatalyst apparatus 14, and thus, the water A containing the nanobubbles of oxygen is irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence of a photocatalyst. In this way, as shown in the reaction formula (1), the active oxygen such as a superoxide anion radical or a hydroxyl radical is produced from oxygen in a nanobubble state through the intermediary of ozone.
3O2→2O3→active oxygen (O2<−>., OH. or the like) (1)
[0023] At the same time, as shown in the reaction formula (2), the reduction reaction of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water A occurs.
CO2+H2O→CO+H2+O2 (2)
[0024] The reduction reaction of carbon dioxide in the reaction formula (2) occurs in the presence of the active oxygen produced in the reaction formula (1), and accordingly, the reaction shown in the reaction formula (3) proceeds. By the reaction shown in the reaction formula (3), a hydrocarbon is synthesized.
(2n+1)H2+nCO→CnH2n+2+nH2O (3)
[0025] In other words, a hydrocarbon is synthesized by reducing carbon dioxide in the presence of the active oxygen produced from the oxygen in a nanobubble state.
[0026] As described above, the synthesis apparatus 10 has a constitution such that nanobubbles of oxygen are generated in the water A containing carbon dioxide dissolved therein, and a hydrocarbon is synthesized by reducing carbon dioxide by irradiating the water A with ultraviolet light in the photocatalyst apparatus 14 while the water A containing the aforementioned nanobubbles of oxygen is being circulated; consequently, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized simply by using water containing carbon dioxide and nanobubbles of oxygen (without forming a gas column of carbon dioxide or a swirling flow of water). Accordingly, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized on the basis of a facile reaction mechanism, and a hydrocarbon can also be synthesized efficiently.
[0027] Next, another synthesis method (the second method) of the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the present invention and the synthesis apparatus of the another synthesis method are described.
[0028] The another method of the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the present invention is a method for newly synthesizing a liquid hydrocarbon by reducing carbon dioxide in the presence of a separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon and the active oxygen produced by the above-described synthesis method (the first method).
[0029] Herein, the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon means a liquid hydrocarbon preliminarily prepared by a method other than the aforementioned second method, and being a liquid hydrocarbon (source oil) having an approximately the same composition as the composition of the liquid hydrocarbon to be synthesized by the second method. In other words, the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon means a liquid hydrocarbon (source oil) preliminarily prepared by a different method other than the above-described first method and the aforementioned second method concerned. In the case where a liquid hydrocarbon is preliminarily synthesized by the above-described first method, the resulting liquid hydrocarbon is also included in the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon. Moreover, examples of the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon (source oil) include a hydrocarbon having 6 to 36 carbon atoms such as light oil and kerosene.
[0030] The synthesis apparatus 20 for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by this method (the second method) include: a first feed tank 21 for feeding the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon E (source oil); a second feed tank 22 for feeding the water A containing the active oxygen produced by the above-described first method; a reaction tank 23 for allowing the liquid hydrocarbon E and the water A containing active oxygen to react with each other; and a still standing tank 24 for allowing the liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) after the reaction and the water A to stand still.
[0031] In the synthesis apparatus 20, first, a liquid mixture composed of the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon E (source oil) and the water A containing the active oxygen produced by the above-described first method is fed to the reaction tank 23 while the liquid mixture is being sprayed under a predetermined pressure. In this way, micelles are formed between the liquid hydrocarbon E and the water A containing active oxygen. At the same time, the interior of the reaction tank 23 is filled with carbon dioxide by feeding carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide feed source 25 such as a carbon dioxide cylinder to the reaction tank 23. Herewith, carbon dioxide is taken into the micelles formed as described above. Simultaneously, in the reaction tank 23 filled with carbon dioxide, the liquid hydrocarbon E and the water A containing the active oxygen are stirred by a stirrer 26 of the reaction tank 23. It is to be noted that the temperature inside the reaction tank 23 is from room temperature to preferably approximately 40° C. and more preferably to approximately 30° C. In addition, the pressure inside the reaction tank 23 is the atmospheric pressure.
[0032] After the stirring (after the reaction), the liquid mixture D composed of the liquid hydrocarbon E and the water A is fed from the reaction tank 23 to the still standing tank 24. Then, the aforementioned liquid mixture D is allowed to stand still for a predetermined time (for example, 24 hours). Herewith, the liquid hydrocarbon E is produced as a supernatant liquid of the liquid mixture D in the still standing tank 24 in the upper layer of the liquid mixture D. The amount of the liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) produced in the upper layer of the liquid mixture D is increased by 10 to 15% as compared with the amount of the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon E (source oil). In other words, a new liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) is produced by the second method.
[0033] Alternatively, it is also possible to repeat the second method by isolating the liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) produced in the upper layer of the liquid mixture D from the liquid mixture D, mixing the isolated liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) with the water A containing the active oxygen, and again feeding the resultant mixture to the reaction tank 23. In this way, the amount of the liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) produced in the upper layer of the liquid mixture D is increased by 20 to 30% as compared with the amount of the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon E (source oil). In other words, by repeating a plurality of times the second method, the amount of the newly produced liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) is further increased.
[0034] In this way, in the synthesis apparatus 20, carbon dioxide can be reduced by mixing the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon (source oil) and the water containing nanobubbles of oxygen, and accordingly as compared with the case where the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon (source oil) is not included, the reduction of carbon dioxide is promoted and the hydrocarbon can be synthesized in a larger amount. In other words, by further adding the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon in the presence of the active oxygen produced by irradiating water containing nanobubbles of oxygen with ultraviolet light, the reduction of carbon dioxide is promoted and the hydrocarbon is efficiently synthesized.
[0035] Hereinafter, Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 in relation to Example 1 are described. It is to be noted that the present invention is not limited to Example 1 at all.
Example 1
[0036] In the synthesis apparatus 10, 50 L of water obtained by allowing tap water to pass through a reverse osmosis membrane was placed in the water tank 11. Then, the nanobubble generator 12 was operated in the water tank 11 to jet nanobubbles of oxygen into the aforementioned water, and carbon dioxide was jetted into the aforementioned water from a carbon dioxide cylinder arranged outside the water tank 11.
[0037] While the water into which nanobubbles of oxygen and carbon dioxide were jetted was being fed at a flow rate of 18 L/min to the photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water was irradiated with ultraviolet light by using the UV lamps 13 in the presence of titanium oxide (photocatalyst). The aforementioned water was circulated between the photocatalyst apparatus 14 and the water tank 11 for 24 hours.
[0038] It is to be noted that in order to allow nanobubbles of oxygen and carbon dioxide to stay (to be dissolved) sufficiently in the water tank 11, nanobubbles of oxygen and carbon dioxide were continuously jetted into the water tank 11 to be dissolved in the water even while the water was circulated between the photocatalyst apparatus 14 and the water tank 11 for 24 hours. In order to prevent the volatilization of the produced hydrocarbon, the upper surface of the water tank 11 was sealed with a seal material.
Comparative Example 1
[0039] In the synthesis apparatus 10, 50 L of water obtained by allowing tap water to pass through a reverse osmosis membrane was placed in the water tank 11. Then, oxygen was fed into the water tank 11 from an oxygen cylinder arranged outside the water tank 11 to jet oxygen into the aforementioned water, and carbon dioxide was jetted into the aforementioned water from a carbon dioxide cylinder arranged outside the water tank 11. In other words, oxygen not being in a state of nanobubbles was fed to the water.
[0040] Moreover, while the water into which oxygen and carbon dioxide were jetted was being fed at a flow rate of 18 L/min to the photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water was irradiated with ultraviolet light by using the UV lamps 13 in the presence of titanium oxide (photocatalyst). The aforementioned water was circulated between the photocatalyst apparatus 14 and the water tank 11 for 24 hours.
[0041] It is to be noted that similarly to Example 1, in order to allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to stay (to be dissolved) sufficiently in the water tank 11, oxygen and carbon dioxide were continuously jetted into the water tank 11 to be dissolved in the water even while the water was circulated between the photocatalyst apparatus 14 and the water tank 11 for 24 hours. In order to prevent the volatilization of the produced hydrocarbon, the upper surface of the water tank 11 was sealed with a seal material.
Comparative Example 2
[0042] In the synthesis apparatus 10, 50 L of water obtained by allowing tap water to pass through a reverse osmosis membrane was placed in the water tank 11. Then, while the aforementioned water was being fed at a flow rate of 18 L/min to the photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water was irradiated with ultraviolet light by using the UV lamps 13 in the presence of titanium oxide (photocatalyst). Then, the aforementioned water was circulated between the photocatalyst apparatus 14 and the water tank 11 for 24 hours. In other words, in Comparative Example 2, only the dissolved oxygen and the dissolved carbon dioxide being dissolved in the water placed in the water tank 11 were used, and the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide fed to the water were made smaller as compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. In order to prevent the volatilization of the produced hydrocarbon, the upper surface of the water tank 11 was sealed with a seal material.
[0043] In each of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, a certain amount of water was sampled from the water circulated between the photocatalyst apparatus 14 and the water tank 11 for 24 hours, and from the sampled water, a hydrocarbon was extracted by using diethyl ether. Then, the extracted hydrocarbon was completely dehydrated, and then analyzed with a GC-Mass (SHIMADZU GC-2010).
[0044] As a result of performing the analysis with the GC-Mass, the hydrocarbons extracted in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were found to be saturated hydrocarbons having 15 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0045] As a result of measuring the amounts of the saturated hydrocarbons produced in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it was verified that 500 mg of a saturated hydrocarbon, 200 mg of a saturated hydrocarbon and 100 mg or less of a saturated hydrocarbon were produced in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, respectively. In other words, it has been found that a saturated hydrocarbon is produced in a high yield by treating water containing nanobubbles of oxygen in the photocatalyst apparatus 14. It has also been found that in order to produce a saturated hydrocarbon in a high yield, it is necessary to feed sufficient amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide to the water to be treated.
[0046] Next, Example 2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 3 in relation to Example 2 are described. It is to be noted that the present invention is not limited by Example 2 at all.
Example 2
[0047] In the synthesis apparatus 10, 100 L of water obtained by allowing tap water to pass through a reverse osmosis membrane was placed in the water tank 11. Then, the nanobubble generator 12 was operated for 120 minutes in the water tank 11 to jet nanobubbles of oxygen into the water and the nanobubbles of oxygen were retained in the water.
[0048] Moreover, while the water containing nanobubbles of oxygen was being fed at a flow rate of 18 L/min to the photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water was irradiated with ultraviolet light by using the UV lamps 13 in the presence of titanium oxide (photocatalyst). Then, the water containing nanobubbles of oxygen was circulated in the photocatalyst apparatus 14 for 30 minutes.
[0049] Moreover, a liquid mixture composed of 2.5 l of a preliminarily prepared light oil (source oil) and 2.5 L of the water containing nanobubbles of oxygen treated in the photocatalyst apparatus 14 was fed to the reaction tank 23 while the liquid mixture was being sprayed under a pressure of 1.0 MPa. Simultaneously, 500 L or more of carbon dioxide was fed under a pressure of 0.3 MPa to the reaction tank 23 to fill the reaction tank 23 with carbon dioxide. Simultaneously, the light oil and the water were stirred for 4 minutes in the reaction tank 23 filled with carbon dioxide. It is to be noted that the temperature in the reaction tank 23 was set at 30° C. The reaction was performed in the atmospheric pressure atmosphere.
[0050] After the stirring for 4 minutes (after the reaction), the liquid mixture composed of the light oil and the water was fed from the reaction tank 23 to the still standing tank 24, and was allowed to stand still in the still standing tank 24 for 24 hours. The temperature inside the still standing tank 24 was set at 35° C. The still standing of the liquid mixture was performed in the atmospheric pressure atmosphere.
Comparative Example 3
[0051] In Comparative Example 3, the treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the oxygen to be fed to the water placed in the water tank 11 was altered from “the nanobubbles of oxygen” in foregoing Example 2 to “the oxygen not being in a state of nanobubbles” jetted from the oxygen cylinder arranged outside the water tank 11 (the state in which the oxygen fed from the oxygen cylinder was directly jetted into the water tank 11).
[0052] In Example 2, after the still standing for 24 hours, the supernatant liquid was isolated from the aforementioned liquid mixture in the still standing tank 24, and the isolated supernatant liquid (new oil) was analyzed. The analysis was performed with respect to the items shown in Table 1. As a comparison, the light oil (source oil) before the treatment in the reaction tank 23 was also analyzed with respect to the same items. Consequently, as shown in Table 1, the supernatant liquid (new oil) was found to be a light oil comparable to the light oil (source oil) before the treatment in the reaction tank 23.
TABLE 1
Results Test
Items Units Source oil New oil methods
1. Reaction — Neutral Neutral JIS K2252
2. Flash point (PMCC) ° C. 73.0 82.0 JIS K2265-3
3. Kinematic viscosity (30° C.) mm<2>/s 3.479 3.710 JIS K2283
4. Pour point ° C. −15.0 −12.5 JIS K2269
5. Carbon residue content of Mass fraction % 0.01 0.04 JIS K2270-2
10% residual oil
6. Moisture content Mass fraction % 0.0063 0.010 JIS K2275
Karl Fisher method
7. Ash content Mass fraction % 0.001 0.001 JIS K2272
8. Sulfur content Mass fraction % 0.0007 0.0007 JIS K2541-6
9. Density (15° C.) g/cm<3> 0.8295 0.8311 JIS K2249-1
10. Distillation characteristic JIS K2254
10% Distillation temperature ° C. 217.0 226.0
50% Distillation temperature ° C. 271.5 274.5
90% Distillation temperature ° C. 326.0 328.5
11. Cetane index — 56.2 56.9 JIS K2280-5
12. Gross calorific value J/g 45990 46010 JIS K2279
13. Plugging point — −10 −10 JIS K2269
[0053] In each of Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, the amount of the supernatant liquid (light oil) isolated from the aforementioned liquid mixture in the still standing tank 24 was measured. Consequently, in Example 2, the amount of the supernatant liquid (light oil) was 2.80 L. Specifically, the amount of the preliminarily prepared light oil was 2.5 L, and hence the amount of the newly synthesized light oil was found to be 0.3 L (yield: 12%). On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3, the amount of the supernatant liquid (light oil) was 2.58 L. Specifically, the amount of the newly synthesized light oil was found to be 0.08 L (yield: 3.2%). From the above-described results, it has been able to be verified that the use of “the nanobubbles of oxygen” increases the amount (yield) of the newly synthesized light oil.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBON-BASED COMPOUND AND PRODUCTION DEVICE THEREFOR
JP2018016614
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new method for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound capable of efficiently producing a hydrocarbon-based compound.SOLUTION: Provided is a method for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound comprising: a step (a) where functional water including carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water is prepared; and a step (b) where the functional water and a hydrocarbon-based compound-containing liquid matter are mixed and impact force is applied thereto, in which the amount of the hydrocarbon-based compound in the mixture applied with the impact force is made higher than that of the hydrocarbon-based compound in the liquid matter.
[0001]
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon compound.
[0002]
Conventionally, the Fischer-Tropsch method is known as a method for chemically synthesizing petroleum.
This process is a series of processes in which carbon monoxide is reacted with hydrogen gas to obtain a saturated hydrocarbon compound together with water. However, in this method, since the reaction is carried out using hydrogen gas under high temperature and high pressure conditions, it is necessary to ensure safety and the production cost is high (carbon monoxide as a raw material is obtained from carbon or the like In this case, the amount of carbon dioxide released is large, and it is inefficient such that multiple processes are required to obtain a saturated hydrocarbon compound.
[0003]
On the other hand, as a method without using carbon monoxide and hydrogen, a method of reducing carbon dioxide to obtain methane and / or methanol is known (see Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which a gas column of carbon dioxide is formed in water and a swirling flow of water is generated around the gas column so that carbon dioxide is supplied as fine bubbles in water and supplied in the presence of a photocatalyst And carbon dioxide is reduced by irradiating light containing water containing fine bubbles of carbon dioxide to obtain methane and / or methanol.
[0004]
Japanese Patent No. 5131444
[0005]
However, according to the study of the present inventors, it has become clear by the method described in Patent Document 1 that only a small amount of methane and / or methanol is obtained, which is not practical.
Also, Patent Document 1 does not disclose anything about synthesizing a hydrocarbon compound other than methane and / or methanol.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for producing a novel hydrocarbon compound capable of efficiently producing a hydrocarbon compound.
[0007]
Means for Solving the Problem The present inventors prepared functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water, and mixed such a functional substance with a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound to impart an impact force, We have obtained unique knowledge that the amount of the compound increases, in other words, a new hydrocarbon compound is generated by the reaction, and as a result of further diligent research, we have completed the present invention.
[0008]
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound comprising the steps of: (a) preparing functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water; and (b) Based compound and a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound, and applying an impact force, wherein the amount of the hydrocarbon compound in the mixture to which the impact force is applied is higher than the amount of the hydrocarbon in the liquid material containing the hydrocarbon compound The amount of the compound is higher than the amount of the compound.
[0009]
In one embodiment of the process for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound of the present invention, (a) comprises (i) supplying carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles in water and (ii) supplying at least oxygen into water, And irradiating the oxygen-supplied water with light in the presence of the photocatalyst to generate active oxygen.
[0010]
In the above embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, the carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles may be air nanobubbles, and the (ii) may include supplying carbon dioxide into the water.
[0011]
Alternatively, in the above embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, the carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles may be carbon dioxide nanobubbles.
[0012]
In one embodiment of the process for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound of the present invention, the functional water may have a dissolved oxygen concentration of 10 ppm or more.
[0013]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, the water used in the step (a) may be pure water.
[0014]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, the step (b) is a step of previously mixing the functional water and a liquid material containing the hydrocarbon compound before applying the impact force .
[0015]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, the impact force in the above (b) is such that the functional water and the liquid substance containing the hydrocarbon compound are discharged from the nozzle together to form a liquid Can be added by collision.
[0016]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound of the present invention, the production method comprises: (c) separating the mixture to which the impact force is applied into a water phase and a phase containing a hydrocarbon- For example.
[0017]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, the liquid material containing the hydrocarbon compound is selected from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbon having 5 to 27 carbon atoms, light oil, kerosene, gasoline and jet fuel At least one of which may be included.
[0018]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound of the present invention, the average carbon number of the hydrocarbon-based compound contained in the mixture to which the impact force is applied is determined by the carbonization contained in the liquid material containing the hydrocarbon- May be within ± 20% of the average carbon number of the hydrogen-based compound.
[0019]
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system comprising: a first tank for containing functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water; a second tank for containing a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound; And a liquid substance containing a hydrocarbon compound; a supply line connected to the first tank and the second tank, the supply line being provided in a tip portion of the supply line, the supply line being provided in the reaction tank, From the nozzle, the functional water supplied from the first tank and the liquid material including the hydrocarbon-based compound supplied from the second tank are discharged together and impacted against the wall surface of the reaction tank to apply an impact force And a supply line configured so as to supply the hydrocarbon-based compound.
[0020]
In one embodiment of the hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus of the present invention, the supply line is configured to supply the functional water supplied from the first tank and the liquid material including the hydrocarbon-based compound supplied from the second tank from the nozzle A preliminary mixer for premixing before discharge may be further provided.
[0021]
In one embodiment of the apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, the manufacturing apparatus separates a mixture to which an impact force extracted from a reaction tank is applied into a water phase and a phase containing a hydrocarbon compound It may further comprise a separation tank.
[0022]
In one embodiment of the hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus of the present invention, the production apparatus comprises a functional water production unit for producing functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water and supplying it to a first tank A first supply section for supplying at least carbon dioxide in water in the form of nanobubbles into the water; a second supply section for supplying at least oxygen into the water; and a second supply section for supplying water containing at least oxygen And a light irradiator for irradiating light in the presence of a photocatalyst to generate active oxygen.
[0023]
In the above embodiment of the hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus of the present invention, the first supply unit may supply air into the water in the form of nanobubbles, and the functional water production unit may supply the carbon dioxide into the water via a third supply unit .
[0024]
Alternatively, in the above embodiment of the hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus of the present invention, the first supply unit may supply carbon dioxide in water in the form of nanobubbles.
[0025]
In the method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, impact water is added by mixing functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water with a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound.
The amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the mixture to which the impact force is applied can be higher than the amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the liquid material containing the original hydrocarbon compound, in other words, A hydrocarbon-based compound can be generated.
That is, according to the present invention, a method for producing a novel hydrocarbon compound capable of efficiently producing a hydrocarbon compound and a manufacturing apparatus are provided.
[0026]
(A) is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing a hydrocarbon-based compound in a former stage (functional water producing unit) of an apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound schematically (B) is an exemplary enlarged schematic view of a portion surrounded by a dotted line in (a).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a method for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound in one embodiment of the present invention and schematically showing a latter stage portion (reaction unit) of a hydrocarbon-based compound producing apparatus.
(A) is a diagram for explaining a former stage (functional water production unit) of a hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus schematically (B) is an exemplary enlarged schematic view of a portion surrounded by a dotted line in (a).
(A) is a gas chromatograph analysis result of light oil used as a crude oil, (b) shows a result of a gas chromatograph analysis of a light oil containing a hydrocarbon compound used in Example 1 before and after the reaction, It is the gas chromatograph analysis result of fresh oil obtained from the original oil.
[0027]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon compound according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.
[0028]
(Embodiment 1) The production of a hydrocarbon compound in this embodiment includes (a) a step of preparing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and functional water containing active oxygen in water (front part, see FIG. 1) and (b) A step of adding an impulsive force by mixing functional water and a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound (the latter part, see FIG. 2).
[0029]
Step (a) First, prepare functional water.
In the present invention, functional water means an aqueous fluid containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water.
Carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles are composed of carbon dioxide-containing gas (it may be at least a gas including carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide content is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, within a range of 0.01 to 100 vol%) (Ultrafine bubbles) having a diameter of less than 1 μm, for example less than a few hundred nm.
Nanobubbles can be present (retained and / or dissolved) in water for a long time compared to larger diameter bubbles.
Active oxygen (which may also be referred to as reactive oxygen species) is a substance derived from an oxygen molecule and having higher reactivity than oxygen molecules.
The active oxygen is preferably a radical containing an oxygen atom, more specifically, a superoxide anion radical (O 2 <->.), A hydroxyl radical (OH •), or the like.
However, the active oxygen is not limited to these radicals, and may be hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, or the like.
[0030]
Such functional water can be obtained by (i) supplying carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles into water, and (ii) supplying at least oxygen into water, irradiating the water supplied with at least oxygen with light in the presence of a photocatalyst To produce active oxygen.
[0031]
Such functional water can be produced, for example, by a functional water production unit as shown in FIG. 1 (a front part of a hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus in this embodiment).
1 (a), the functional water production unit 10 includes a water tub 11 for containing water, a first supply unit 13 for supplying at least carbon dioxide in water in the form of nanobubbles, a supply unit 13 for supplying at least oxygen And a light irradiating section 23 for irradiating light to the water supplied with at least oxygen in the presence of a photocatalyst to generate active oxygen.
[0032]
First, water 7 is supplied from a line 1 to a water tank 11.
It is preferable that this water contain as little impurities as possible, so-called pure water can be used, and ultra pure water is more preferably used.
Pure water or ultrapure water may be obtained by treating with, for example, an ion exchange resin (cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin) and / or a reverse osmosis membrane or the like.
[0033]
Step (i) Next, at least carbon dioxide (a gas containing at least carbon dioxide, that is, a carbon dioxide-containing gas) is supplied from the first supply part 13 connected to the carbon dioxide supply source 3 into the water 7 stored in the water tub 11, In the form of nanobubbles.
As a result, carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles are supplied into the water, the concentration of carbon dioxide in water can be increased, and carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles can be retained in water due to the surface tension of water.
[0034]
In the present embodiment, a carbon dioxide gas cylinder or the like is used as the carbon dioxide supply source 3, and carbon dioxide gas (for example, purity of 99 vol% or more) is supplied as a carbon dioxide-containing gas in the form of nanobubbles to convert the carbon dioxide nano bubbles However, the present invention is not limited to this.
[0035]
The first supply unit 13 has a function of generating nanobubbles, and can therefore be understood as a nanobubble generator.
For the first supply unit 13, for example, an ultra fine hole type nanobubble generator can be used.
The ultra fine hole type nanobubble generator is composed of a gas ejecting portion for ejecting a gas layer (bubble) of gas (carbon dioxide-containing gas in the present invention, which is carbon dioxide gas in the present embodiment) And a water ejecting portion for ejecting the water 7, and the gas ejecting portion and the water ejecting portion are charged into the water 7.
A special ceramic filter having nano-level fine pores is provided in the gas ejecting portion, and an air layer (bubble) of the carbon dioxide-containing gas is ejected from the micropores.
On the other hand, in the water injection portion, the water 7 in the water tub 11 is injected to this special ceramic filter, whereby a liquid flow of water flows on the surface of the special ceramic filter.
Then, by giving the liquid flow of the water 7 in the water tub 11 to the boundary of the fine pores of the special ceramic filter, the air layer (bubble) of the carbon dioxide-containing gas injected from the gas jet portion (micropore) is finely cut .
Then, a gas layer (bubble) of the cut carbon dioxide-containing gas is compressed by the surface tension of the water 7 in the water tank 11, whereby nanobubbles (ultrafine bubbles) of the carbon dioxide-containing gas are generated.
However, the nanobubble generator is not limited to the ultra-fine hole type, but any suitable nanobubble generator can be applied as long as it can generate nanobubbles of carbon dioxide-containing gas.
[0036]
Step (ii) Further, in the water 7 stored in the water tub 11, at least oxygen (at least oxygen-containing gas, that is, oxygen-containing gas may be used and oxygen The content is not particularly limited and may be, for example, within the range of 1 to 100% by volume).
The second supply unit 15 may have any suitable configuration capable of supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the water, and may be a pressure bubbling type tube, a nozzle, etc. (Note that in FIG. 1 (a) For the purpose of illustrating the supply part 15, only the tip part thereof is schematically shown with an open square).
[0037]
In this embodiment, an oxygen gas cylinder or the like is used as the oxygen supply source 5, and oxygen gas (for example, purity of 99 vol% or more) is supplied as an oxygen-containing gas, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0038]
As a result, the water 7 supplied with at least oxygen (or oxygen-containing gas, hereinafter the same) is pumped out by the pump 21 to the withdrawn portion 17 of the water tub 11 (for the purpose of illustrating the extraction portion 17 in FIG. 1A , Only the tip portion of which is schematically shown by an open square) is drawn out through a line 19 and transferred to the light irradiation unit 23.
The light irradiation unit 23 may be a light irradiation device including a reaction tube 25 through which water supplied with at least oxygen passes, and a light source 27 disposed in the vicinity thereof. A photocatalyst (not shown) such as titanium oxide is charged and / or arranged in the reaction tube 25, and is made of a material that can transmit light irradiated from the light source 27 at least at a portion where the photocatalyst is located. The light source 27 may be any one as long as it can irradiate a light beam (for example, ultraviolet light, visible light, sunlight, etc.) having an appropriate wavelength according to the photocatalyst to be used. In the case of using titanium oxide as the photocatalyst, the light source 27 may irradiate at least a light beam having a wavelength in the ultraviolet region, and a UV lamp and / or a black light may be used.
[0039]
In the light irradiator 23, light having at least oxygen supplied thereto as described above is irradiated with light from the light source 27 in the presence of the photocatalyst while passing through the reaction tube 25, so that active oxygen is generated. More specifically, oxygen becomes ozone, and furthermore, it becomes active oxygen such as superoxide anion radical (O 2 <->.), Hydroxyl radical (OH ·).
[0040]
As a result, the water 7 contains active oxygen and is returned from the light irradiator 23 to the water tank 11 through the line 29. While supplying at least oxygen into the water from the second supply unit 15 (oxygen-containing gas in the present invention, oxygen gas in the present embodiment), the pump 21 is operated and water containing oxygen is discharged from the extraction portion 17 By drawing out and circulating through the line 19, the light irradiation part 23, the line 29, and the water tub 11, it is possible to obtain a sufficient active oxygen concentration.
[0041]
The position and quantity (or flow rate) of the oxygen-containing gas supply from the second supply 15 can be withdrawn from the draw-out 17 with a large part, preferably substantially all, of the suction force of the pump 21 As shown in FIG. In general, it is preferable to dispose the second supply part 15 (the position of the oxygen-containing gas supply) inside or in the vicinity of the withdrawal part 17 and supply the oxygen-containing gas therefrom in a relatively small amount (small flow rate) . Although not limited to this embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the tip portion (or supply port portion) of the second supply portion 15 may be inserted into the opening portion of the extraction portion 17 .
[0042]
Functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles (nanobubbles of carbon dioxide in the present embodiment) and active oxygen in water can be obtained by the above steps (i) and (ii). The order of carrying out steps (i) and (ii) is not particularly limited, either which may be carried out first or at the same time so as to overlap at least partially.
[0043]
Step (b) Impact force is applied by mixing functional water prepared as described above and a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound.
[0044]
The imparting of the impact force can be carried out by, for example, a reaction unit as shown in FIG. 2 (a latter stage portion of the hydrocarbon-based compound producing apparatus in this embodiment).
2, the reaction unit 30 includes a first tank 31 that contains functional water A containing water and carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen, and a second tank 31 that contains a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound (hereinafter simply referred to as " A reaction tank 41 for reacting the functional water A with a liquid substance B containing a hydrocarbon compound, a second tank 33 connected to the first tank 31 and the second tank 33 The supply line 37 is provided with a nozzle 39 disposed in the reaction tank 41 at the tip portion thereof, and the functional water A supplied from the first tank 31 and the hydrocarbon supplied from the second tank 33 And a supply line 37 configured to apply an impact force by discharging the liquid compound B and a liquid compound B containing the compound compound in collision with the wall surface 41 a of the reaction tank 41. The reaction unit 30 in the present embodiment may further include a separation tank 45 for separating the mixture to which the impact force extracted from the reaction tank 41 is applied into a water phase and a phase containing a hydrocarbon compound. , The reaction unit 30 is understood as a reaction and separation unit.
[0045]
First, the functional water prepared in step (a) is stored in the first tank 31. The first tank 31 may be a separate container from the water tub 11 in the functional water producing unit 10 or may be the same.
[0046]
In the functional water A, it is preferable that the active oxygen exists so that carbon dioxide present in the water can be efficiently reduced. The concentration of active oxygen in functional water can be represented schematically by dissolved oxygen concentration. While the dissolved oxygen concentration of ordinary water is about 8 ppm, the dissolved oxygen concentration of functional water may be higher than this. The functional water preferably has a dissolved oxygen concentration of 10 ppm (or mg / L) or more. The upper limit value of the dissolved oxygen concentration of functional water is not particularly limited, but it may be, for example, 30 ppm or less, preferably 24 ppm or less. The dissolved oxygen concentration of the functional water can be appropriately selected according to specific embodiments and / or conditions. In the case where the carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles are carbon dioxide nanobubbles as in this embodiment, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the functional water is preferably 21 ppm or more, for example 30 ppm or less, particularly 24 ppm or less, It is not limited thereto.
[0047]
Further, in the functional water A, it is preferable that carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles are present as much as possible (staying and / or dissolving) in water, but in actual reaction conditions to be described later (how to use a liquid material or an impact force to be used, etc.) For example. The functional water A is acidic (less than pH 7) due to carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles staying and carbon dioxide dissolving.
[0048]
On the other hand, the original oil B is stored in the second tank 33. The crude oil is a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound, and as a hydrocarbon compound, a compound composed of carbon and hydrogen, optionally having a hetero atom and / or a functional group (aliphatic and / Or an aromatic group, which may be saturated or unsaturated), as long as it is liquid. Such hydrocarbon compounds include, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbons having 5 to 27 carbon atoms, in particular saturated hydrocarbons having 9 to 25 carbon atoms, and light oil, kerosene, gasoline and jet fuel For example.
[0049]
Although the temperatures of the functional water A in the first tank 31 and the original oil B in the second tank 33 are not particularly limited, they are conveniently set to room temperature (for example, 0 to 40 ° C., particularly 25 to 35 ° C.) . Although not essential to this embodiment, the first tank 31 and the second tank 33 may each include a temperature controller 31 a and 33 a. The temperature controller may be a temperature controller (such as a heater or the like in FIG. 2, which shows a throw-in type temperature regulator in the example) disposed inside the tank, a jacket placed outside the tank or A temperature controller such as a heater may be used. In addition, the first tank 31 and the second tank 33 may be equipped with a stirring system such as an impeller system, a system using a fluid flow, or the like, in order to keep the temperature of the stored materials in each tank homogeneous.
[0050]
Then, the functional water A from the first tank 11 and the original oil B from the second tank 33 are supplied to the reaction tank 41 through the supply line 37. The supply ratio (mixing ratio) of the functional water and the base oil is not particularly limited but may be, for example, 1: 99 to 99: 1 (volume basis, the same applies hereinafter). Generally speaking, it is considered that the ratio of the functional water and the original oil is closer to each other, the contact efficiency is higher, and from this viewpoint, the supply ratio (mixing ratio) of the functional water and the raw oil is, for example, 40: 60, in particular about 50: 50. As a result of the study of the inventors of the present invention, it has been found that in order to make the reaction more efficiently proceed in the present invention, it is preferable that the proportion of the raw oil is higher than that of the functional water, and from this viewpoint, (Mixing ratio) may be, for example, 1: 99 to 49: 51, in particular 20: 80 to 45: 55, more particularly 40: 60.
[0051]
The supply line 37 further includes a preliminary mixer 35 for mixing in advance the functional water A supplied from the first tank 31 and the original oil B supplied from the second tank 33 before discharging from the nozzle 39 Good. As a result, the functional water A and the original oil B can be mixed in advance before applying the impact force, and the functional water A and the original oil B can be discharged from the nozzle 39 in a more uniform mixture state . However, it should be noted that such a premixer 35 is not essential.
[0052]
In the present embodiment, the functional water A from the first tank 31 and the original oil B from the second tank 33 are discharged together from the nozzle 39 provided at the tip of the supply line 37, and are discharged from the reaction tank 41 . The mixture of the functional water A and the original oil B discharged from the nozzle 39 collides with the wall surface (inner wall surface) 41 a of the reaction tank 41, whereby an impact force is applied.
[0053]
In the illustrated embodiment, the open end of the nozzle 39 is disposed so as to face a portion of the wall surface 41 a of the reaction vessel 41 forming the inclined bottom surface, but it is also possible to mix the functional water A and the original oil B, It is not limited to such an embodiment as long as it can be added.
[0054]
The nozzle 39 may have a straight shape or an orifice shape, and / or may have a venturi structure in addition thereto / in addition.
The hole diameter (orifice diameter in the case of having an orifice shape) at the discharge port of the nozzle 39 can be appropriately selected, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 10 mm.
[0055]
The discharge pressure from the nozzle 39 and the distance between the nozzle 39 and the wall surface 41 a can be appropriately set according to a desired impact force (reaction efficiency). A pump 36 may be placed on the supply line 37 to obtain an appropriate discharge pressure. The discharge pressure at this time is, for example, 1 to 5 MPa, in particular 1 to 3 MPa, more particularly 1 to 1.5 MPa (gauge pressure in all) by the pump pressure (ignoring the pressure loss of the pipe) obtain. Also, the distance between the nozzle 39 and the wall surface 41 a may vary depending on the apparatus scale.
[0056]
The atmosphere in the reaction vessel 41 is not particularly limited, and may be air in a simple manner. The temperature in the reaction vessel 41 may be conveniently room temperature, but may be, for example, 0 to 70 ° C, particularly 10 to 50 ° C, more particularly 15 to 35 ° C. The pressure in the reaction vessel 41 may conveniently be normal pressure (about 0.1 MPa), but may be, for example, 0.1 to 20 MPa, particularly 1 to 15 MPa (absolute pressure in any case). The reaction vessel 41 may be open to the atmosphere or may be sealed.
[0057]
As described above, when the functional water A and the original oil B are mixed and impact force is applied (or vigorously mixed), a reaction for newly generating a hydrocarbon compound progresses and an impact force is applied The amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the mixed mixture is higher than the amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the liquid material containing the hydrocarbon compound before the original (or before the reaction, even before mixing).
[0058]
Then, according to the research by the inventors of the present invention, it was found that the newly generated hydrocarbon compound can vary depending on the hydrocarbon compound contained in the original oil, and depending on the reaction conditions, It has been confirmed that it can have the same number of carbon atoms as the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the catalyst.
[0059]
Although the present invention is not bound by any theory, this reaction is considered as follows.
As shown in the following formula (1a), active oxygen can reduce carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide, and the produced carbon monoxide can produce hydrogen from water as shown in the following formula (1b), and these Is represented by the following formula (1) as a whole.
(1) CO 2 + H 2 O → CO + H 2 + O 2 (1) Further, in the presence of active oxygen, a hydrocarbon compound represented by the following formula (2) It is considered that the synthesis reaction proceeds. (2 n + 1) H 2 + n CO → C n H 2 n + 2 + n H 2 O (2) These reactions are understood as efficiently proceeding by mixing the functional water and the original oil and applying an impact force (or vigorously mixing) .
[0060]
The new hydrocarbon-based compound can differ according to the hydrocarbon-based compound contained in the original oil and can have the same number of carbons as the reaction site provided is crude oil Depending on the hydrocarbon compound (in particular, the number of carbon atoms) contained in the catalyst. It is considered that the hydrocarbon compound itself contained in the original oil is not decomposed and / or consumed by the reaction.
[0061]
Such reactions can proceed rapidly by the application of an impact force. The reaction time (or the residence time in the reaction tank 41) is, for example, 0.1 second to 10 minutes, typically 1 second to 4 minutes, depending on the functional water to be used, the original oil and the reaction conditions and the like obtain.
[0062]
Then, the mixture to which the impact force is applied as described above is withdrawn from the reaction vessel 41 through the extracting portion 41 b as a reaction mixture containing the hydrocarbon compound generated by the reaction. The reaction vessel 41 may have a lower structure for receiving a mixture to which an impact force is applied and may be discharged from the reaction vessel 41 immediately after colliding with the wall face 41 a, but it is not limited thereto.
[0063]
Although not essential to this embodiment, the reaction mixture (mixture subjected to impact force) withdrawn from the reaction tank 5 is transferred to a separation tank 45 through a line 43, and a phase containing a hydrocarbon compound (organic Phase) and an aqueous phase. The separation tank 45 may have any suitable configuration capable of phase separation, and may be phase separated by using a stationary vessel (settler), a centrifugal separator, a pulse column, or the like. The phases including the hydrocarbon compound separated from each other and the aqueous phase are discharged from the separation tank 45 through lines 47 and 49, respectively.
[0064]
The phase containing the hydrocarbon compound (hereinafter also simply referred to as "new oil") obtained by this will contain the hydrocarbon compound and the newly generated hydrocarbon compound contained in the original oil . In other words, the amount of the hydrocarbon compound in the fresh oil will be higher than the amount of the hydrocarbon compound in the original oil. In the case where the new oil and the original oil are substantially composed of the hydrocarbon compound, the amount of the new oil simply increases more than the amount of the raw oil.
[0065]
The average carbon number of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the new oil (in other words, the combination of the hydrocarbon compound and the newly generated hydrocarbon compound contained in the original oil) is included in the original oil Depending on the average carbon number of the hydrocarbon-based compound. For example, the average carbon number of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the fresh oil is substantially the same as the average carbon number of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the mixture to which the impact force is applied, which is included in the original oil Based on the average number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon-based compound which has been present. This suggests that it is possible to control the hydrocarbon compound (especially the carbon number) newly generated by the reaction by selecting the hydrocarbon compound (especially carbon number) of the original oil according to the desired hydrocarbon compound doing. In the present invention, the average carbon number means the number average carbon number, and it can be measured by, for example, column chromatography, gas chromatography, or the like.
[0066]
As described above, the hydrocarbon-based compound production method of the present embodiment is carried out. The process for producing a hydrocarbon compound of this embodiment can be carried out continuously, and is thus suitable for large-scale production of hydrocarbon compounds. However, the present embodiment is not limited to this, and it may be carried out in a batch manner.
[0067]
The fresh oil thus obtained is recovered as a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound and can be used for any purpose. A part of the new oil may be transferred to the original oil tank 33 and used as the original oil. On the other hand, a part or all of the aqueous phase may be used as water in the functional water producing unit 10 as necessary, or may be discarded after subjected to post-treatment as necessary.
[0068]
(Embodiment 2) This embodiment is a modification of Embodiment 1 described above, and the description of Embodiment 1 is similarly applied unless otherwise noted. (A) a step of preparing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and functional water containing active oxygen in water (front part, see FIG. 3), and (b) functional water and hydrocarbons Based compound and a liquid material containing the compound (impact part) (posterior part, see FIG. 2).
[0069]
Step (a) In this embodiment, the functional water can be produced, for example, by a functional water production unit as shown in FIG. 3 (front part of the hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus in this embodiment). 3 (a), the functional water production unit 10 'includes a water tub 11 for containing water, a first supply unit 13 for supplying at least carbon dioxide in water in the form of nanobubbles, at least oxygen A second supply unit 15 for supplying carbon dioxide into the water, a third supply unit 16 for supplying carbon dioxide into the water, light irradiation for irradiating light supplied with at least oxygen in the presence of a photocatalyst to generate active oxygen Section 23 as shown in FIG.
[0070]
First, water 7 is supplied from a line 1 to a water tank 11.
[0071]
Step (i) Next, at least carbon dioxide (a gas containing at least carbon dioxide, that is, a carbon dioxide-containing gas) is supplied from the first supply part 13 connected to the carbon dioxide supply source 3 'into the water 7 stored in the water tank 11 ) In the form of nanobubbles.
[0072]
In the present embodiment, air (for example, a carbon dioxide content of 0.03 to 0.04 vol%) is supplied in the form of nanobubbles as a carbon dioxide-containing gas using an air cylinder or the like as the carbon dioxide supply source 3 ' , And generate nanobubbles of air.
[0073]
Step (ii) Furthermore, at least carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide-containing gas) is supplied from the third supply unit 16 connected to the carbon dioxide supply source 6 into the water 7 stored in the water tank 11.
At least oxygen (oxygen-containing gas) is supplied from the second supply unit 15 connected to the oxygen supply source 5 into the water 7 stored in the water tub 11.
The second supply unit 15 may be similar to that described above in the first embodiment and the third supply unit 16 may be of any appropriate configuration capable of supplying carbon dioxide gas (or carbon dioxide-containing gas) (For the purpose of illustrating the second supply unit 15 and the third supply unit 16 in FIG. 3 (a), only the leading ends of them are referred to as white It is shown schematically with a square).
[0074]
In the present embodiment, an oxygen gas cylinder or the like is used as the oxygen supply source 5, oxygen gas (for example, purity of 99 vol% or more) is supplied as an oxygen-containing gas, a carbon dioxide gas cylinder or the like is used as the carbon dioxide supply source 6 , And carbon dioxide gas (for example, purity of 99 vol% or more) is supplied as the carbon dioxide-containing gas, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0075]
The order of supplying the carbon dioxide-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas is not particularly limited, and as long as functional water including active oxygen and carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles is appropriately used in step (b), which one is first performed , Or they may be performed at the same time so as to at least partially overlap.
Typically, first, a carbon dioxide-containing gas is supplied into the water 7 from the third supply unit 13, and then the oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the second supply unit 15 into the water 7.
[0076]
As a result, the water 7 supplied with at least oxygen and carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide which is not in the form of nanobubbles in addition to carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles) is pumped out by the pump 21 to a withdrawing portion 17 of the water tub 11 (in FIG. 3 (a) , Only the distal end portion thereof is schematically shown by an open square for the purpose of illustrating the extracting portion 17) from the line 19 and is transferred to the light irradiating portion 23.
[0077]
In the light irradiator 23, light supplied from the light source 27 in the presence of the photocatalyst, while water passing through the reaction tube 25 is supplied with at least oxygen and carbon dioxide as described above, so that active oxygen .
[0078]
As a result, the water 7 contains active oxygen and is returned from the light irradiator 23 to the water tank 11 through the line 29.
While supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the water from the second supply unit 15, the pump 21 is operated to withdraw water containing oxygen from the extracting unit 17, leading to the line 19, the light irradiation unit 23, the line 29 and the water tub 11 By circulating, sufficient active oxygen concentration can be obtained.
Meanwhile, even if the supply of the carbon dioxide-containing gas from the third supply unit 16 into the water is being performed, it may be stopped or terminated.
[0079]
The position and amount (or flow rate) of the oxygen-containing gas supply from the second supply unit 15 and the position and amount (or flow rate) of the carbon dioxide-containing gas supply from the third supply unit 16 are mostly, It is preferable that all of them are set so as to be extracted together with water from the extracting portion 17 by the suction force of the pump 21.
Briefly, the second supply unit 15 (the position of the oxygen-containing gas supply) and the third supply unit 16 (the position of the carbon dioxide-containing gas supply) are disposed in the vicinity of or in the vicinity of the withdrawal unit 17 and oxygen- And a carbon dioxide-containing gas are supplied in a relatively small amount (small flow rate). For example, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), each of the distal ends (or supply ports) of the second supply unit 15 and the third supply unit 16 is connected to the opening of the extraction unit 17 It may be inserted into the part.
[0080]
Functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles (air nano bubbles in this embodiment) and active oxygen in water can be obtained from the above steps (i) and (ii). The order of carrying out steps (i) and (ii) is not particularly limited, either which may be carried out first or at the same time so as to overlap at least partially.
[0081]
Step (b) Impact force is applied by mixing functional water prepared as described above and a liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound.
[0082]
The imparting of the impact force can be carried out in the same manner as that described in Embodiment 1, for example, by a reaction unit as shown in FIG. 2 (a latter stage portion of the hydrocarbon-based compound producing apparatus in this embodiment) it can.
[0083]
Also in the present embodiment, the functional water preferably has a dissolved oxygen concentration of 10 ppm (or mg / L) or more, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of the functional water depends on a specific embodiment and / or condition And can be appropriately selected.
When the carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles are air bubbles as in this embodiment, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the functional water is preferably 11 ppm or more, for example 20 ppm or less, especially 15 ppm or less, but in the present invention .
[0084]
Also in the present embodiment, as in Embodiment 1, when the functional water and the original oil are mixed and impact force is applied (or intensively mixed), a reaction for newly generating a hydrocarbon compound progresses , The amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the mixture to which the impact force is applied is larger than the amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the liquid material containing the original hydrocarbon compound (or before the reaction, even before mixing) To increase.
Besides, also in the present embodiment, the description of the first embodiment applies in the same way.
[0085]
Although the method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon compound in the two embodiments of the present invention have been described above, various modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention. For example, the functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water may be produced by other suitable apparatus and method different from those described with reference to FIG. 1 or FIG. 3, and the present invention Of the hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus may not have a functional water production unit. Also, for example, the manner in which the functional water and the original oil are mixed and the impact force is applied may be carried out by another suitable apparatus and method different from those described with reference to FIG. 2. For example, the functional water and the hydrocarbon compound may be placed in a container and shocked to apply an impact force, and even in such a case, the amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the mixture to which the impact force is applied Is higher than the amount of the hydrocarbon-based compound contained in the liquid material containing the original hydrocarbon-based compound by the research of the present inventors.
[0086]
The method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention can be carried out with activated water and carbon dioxide with a simple apparatus configuration in an extremely short reaction time, so that it is safe And a hydrocarbon compound can be easily synthesized. Furthermore, in the present invention, since it is unnecessary to use substances other than functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water besides the crude oil, the obtained new oil has high purity and is refined And can be used as it is for arbitrary purposes without requiring post-processing such as the post-processing. The point that no post-treatment such as purification is required contributes to lowering the production cost together with the extremely short reaction time. When such a new oil is used as a hydrocarbon-based fuel, problems due to combustion products such as NOx and SOx can be reduced or eliminated.
[0087]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples, and it is shown that fresh oil can be efficiently produced from functional water and original oil under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions.
[0088]
Example 1
In this example, a hydrocarbon compound was produced according to Embodiment 1 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
[0089]
Functional water was prepared as follows.
First, ultrapure water was obtained by passing water through an ultrapure water production system (manufactured by Organo Corporation) equipped with a cation exchange column and an anion exchange column.
In the functional water production unit 10 shown in FIG. 1, 100 L of this pure water was placed in the water tank 11, and carbon dioxide gas was supplied at 500 mL / min at a rate of 500 mL / min by a nanobubble generator (manufactured by Nikken Devices, Ltd.) as the first supply unit 13 for 2 hours Ie 60 L in total). Thereafter, oxygen gas is supplied from the second supply unit 15 to the water 7 obtained thereby at 50 to 100 mL / min, and an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp (GL-1, manufactured by Panasonic Corporation) 40 4 W (254 nm)) and black light (FL 40 S BLB 40 W (315 to 400 nm, peak wavelength 352 nm, manufactured by Toshiba Corporation)), the reaction tube 25 packed with titanium dioxide catalyst is circulated through water 7 For 40 to 60 minutes (corresponding to 5 to 10 cycles). The dissolved oxygen concentration of the functional water obtained by this was 21 ppm or more. (It should be noted that the dissolved oxygen concentration of ordinary water such as tap water is about 8 ppm. ）
[0090]
Next, using the functional water obtained above and light oil as the original oil, these were mixed as described below and impact force was applied. In the reaction unit 30 shown in FIG. 2, the functional water A adjusted to a temperature within the range of 25 to 35 ° C. and the original oil (diesel oil in this embodiment) B are preliminarily mixed in the premixer 35, and the pump 36 At a pump pressure of 1 to 1.5 MPa (gauge pressure), and discharged from a nozzle 39 having a straight shape having a hole diameter of 5 mm, and caused to collide with a wall surface 41 a separated from the nozzle 39 by about 20 to 30 cm. The mixing ratio of functional water and light oil was 1: 1 (volume basis), and each was supplied at 10 L (that is, 20 L in total). The reaction vessel 41 was opened to the air and made into an air atmosphere of normal temperature and normal pressure. As a result, the mixture to which the impact force is applied is quickly withdrawn from the extracting portion 41 b at the bottom of the reaction vessel 41 and allowed to stand in the separation tank 45 to separate into an organic phase and an aqueous phase, .
[0091]
The obtained fresh oil (organic phase) was about 11 L and the aqueous phase was about 9 L. About 11 L of new oil was obtained for about 10 L of the original oil used, indicating that the oil (liquid material of the hydrocarbon compound) increased by about 10% by volume.
[0092]
The carbon number distribution of the hydrocarbon compound containing gas oil and crude oil used as the raw oil and analyzed by gas chromatographic analysis was investigated. The results are shown in FIG. 3 (the symbol "n" indicates a straight chain and the number next to the symbol "C" indicates the carbon number). Fig. 3 (a) is the gas chromatograph analysis result of light oil used as the original oil, and Fig. 3 (b) is the gas chromatograph analysis result of fresh oil obtained from this original oil. For gas chromatographic analysis, GC-2010 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) was used.
[0093]
Comparing Fig. 3 (a) with Fig. 3 (b), both peaks are carbon atoms 17 (nC 17), distributed in the range of about 9 to 25 carbon atoms, and show similar carbon number distributions . Therefore, it was confirmed that a fresh oil having the same composition as that of light oil was obtained when light oil was used as the original oil.
[0094]
Furthermore, when kerosene is used as the original oil, a fresh oil having the same composition as kerosene is obtained, and when a saturated hydrocarbon compound represented by C15 H22 is used as the crude oil, the same composition . In both cases, it was confirmed by the experiment of the present inventors that the amount of fresh oil is increased as compared with the original oil.
[0095]
Example 2
In this example, a hydrocarbon-based compound was produced according to Embodiment 2 described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 2.
[0096]
Functional water was prepared as follows.
First, ultrapure water was obtained by passing water through an ultrapure water production system (manufactured by Organo Corporation) equipped with a cation exchange column and an anion exchange column.
In the functional water production unit 10 'shown in FIG. 3, 50 L of this pure water was placed in the water tank 11, and air (carbon dioxide content: about 0.03 vol% (carbon dioxide content: about 0.03 vol) was supplied by a nanobubble generator (manufactured by Nishiki Devices, %) Was fed at 600 mL / min for 1 hour. Thereafter, carbon dioxide gas was first supplied at a rate of 600 mL / min for 30 minutes from the third supply unit 16 into the water 7 obtained by this, then oxygen gas was supplied from the second supply unit 15 at 150 mL / min for 5 minutes Supplied. While the supply of carbon dioxide gas and supply of oxygen gas are being carried out, an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp (GL-40 40W (254 nm) manufactured by Panasonic Corporation) and black light ( A process of circulating water through a reaction tube 25 packed with a titanium dioxide catalyst under light irradiation using FL40S BLB 40 W (315 to 400 nm, peak wavelength 352 nm) manufactured by Toshiba Corporation was performed. The dissolved oxygen concentration of the functional water thus obtained was 12 to 14 ppm.
[0097]
Next, using the functional water obtained above and light oil as the original oil, these were mixed as described below and impact force was applied. In the reaction unit 30 shown in FIG. 2, the functional water A adjusted to a temperature within the range of 25 to 35 ° C. and the original oil (diesel oil in this embodiment) B are preliminarily mixed in the premixer 35, and the pump 36 At a pump pressure of 1 to 1.5 MPa (gauge pressure), and discharged from a nozzle 39 having a straight shape having a hole diameter of 5 mm, and caused to collide with a wall surface 41 a separated from the nozzle 39 by about 20 to 30 cm. The mixing ratio of functional water and light oil was as shown in Table 1, and a total of 20 L of these was supplied. The reaction vessel 41 was opened to the air and made into an air atmosphere of normal temperature and normal pressure. As a result, the mixture to which the impact force is applied is quickly withdrawn from the extracting portion 41 b at the bottom of the reaction vessel 41 and allowed to stand in the separation tank 45 to separate into an organic phase and an aqueous phase, . The rate of increase of oil (liquid substance of hydrocarbon compound) was determined from the amount of used oil and the amount of recovered fresh oil. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0098]
[0099]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a hydrocarbon compound can be produced easily and in a simple manner at low cost, and the hydrocarbon compound obtained by this can be used as, for example, a hydrocarbon fuel, It is expected to contribute to solving energy problems.
[0100]
1, 19, 29 Lines 3, 3 ', 6 Carbon dioxide supply source 5 Oxygen supply source 7 Water (functional water) 10, 10' Functional water production unit 11 Aquarium 13 First supply unit (nanobubble generator) 15 Second supply Part 16 a third supply part 17 withdrawal part 21 pump 23 light irradiation part (light irradiation apparatus) 25 reaction tube 27 light source 30 reaction unit (apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon compound) 31 first tank 31 a temperature adjuster 33 second tank 33 a Temperature adjuster 35 Premixer 36 Pump 37 Supply line 39 Nozzle 41 Reaction tank 41 a Wall surface 41 b Extraction section 43, 47, 49 Line 45 Separation tank A Function Water B Liquid containing a hydrocarbon compound.
