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Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube  ( III : Patents )

Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube I
Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube II



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CN202383899  --  Experimental device for second law of thermodynamics
GB708452  --  Improvements in or relating to a system for the cooling of compressed gas
DE4345137  --  Cooling device using exothermic dynamic expansion process
DE19612691  --  Method for mixing liquid fuel with air
DE102012021576  -- Deterring a workpiece, by supplying a partially heated workpiece with a cooling medium 
DE102009041742  -- Device for generating hot- or cold air for medical applications...
FR1066484  -- Génératrice à vapeur en circuit fermé
FR2439500  -- Electrical machine with cryogenic cooling vortex tube...
IT1109113  -- Condensable components separation from gas - using vortex chamber...
RU2415813  -- DEVICE TO CLEAN WATER OF IMPURITIES
RU2417337  -- METHOD OF POWER SUPPLY TO AUTONOMOUSLY FUNCTIONING GAS REDUCTION FACILITIES OF MANIFOLD GAS LINES...
RU2391550  -- FEED METHOD OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH SPARK IGNITION
RU2715946  -- VORTEX THERMOSTAT
RU2699972  -- SURGICAL SUCTION DEVICE
US3973396  -- Gas turbine power plant
US4458494  -- Preventing vaporization of the liquid in a centrifugal gas-liquid separator
US2008209914 -- Device for Cooling Electrical Equipment...  
US6334841  --  Centrifuge with Ranque vortex tube cooling
US2011056457  -- SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSATION OF LIQUID FROM GAS AND METHOD OF COLLECTION OF LIQUID
KR100938538  -- Solar Vortex Chimney Power Plant boosted by Solar Chimney
US1952281  -- METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING FROM A FLUID UNDER PRESSURE TWO CURRENTS OF FLUIDS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES -- Georges Joseph Ranque
EP2107321  -- Method of controlling a device comprising Hilsch-Ranque vortex tubes
US3672179  -- GAS LIQUIFACTION  
DE4208799 -- Cold treatment of human and animal body parts...
GB405781 -- An improved method and apparatus for heating and cooling fluids
JPS5934402 -- ROTOR DEVICE OF STEAM TURBINE
US3831430 -- DEVICE FOR MEASURING DENSITY AND DEW POINT OF A GAS
US2009241555 -- METHOD OF CONTROLLING A DEVICE INCLUDING HILSCH-RANQUE VORTEX TUBES
WO9624808 -- COOLING SYSTEM
WO2005113741 -- VORTEX TUBE THERMOCYCLER
WO2013095176 --  AIR CONDITIONER
WO2014163523 -- RADIATION-WAVE CRACKING METHOD AND REACTOR FOR SAME
CA1014077 -- PRESSURE REGULATING REFRIGERATIVE AIR DRYER SYSTEM
US3208229 -- Vortex tube
US5682749 -- Critical temperature control with vortex cooling
US4302949 -- Refrigeration and heating system
US3165149 -- Temperature control system
US4646524 -- Method of intensifying heat in reversed Rankine cycle...
GB945252 -- Improvements in or relating to method and apparatus for cooling utilizing a vortex tube



CN202383899  [ PDF ]
Experimental device for second law of thermodynamics
Abstract
The utility model discloses an experimental device for a second law of thermodynamics, and is characterized in that: a high-temperature high-pressure gas generation device is provided with a gas pressure sensor and a high-temperature high-pressure gas temperature sensor; an inner part of an unthrottled Hilsch-Ranque vortex tube is provided with a separating pore, the unthrottled Hilsch-Ranque vortex tube is in a T shape; a vertical part of the T-shaped tube is connected with the high-temperature high-pressure gas generation device, the center of a horizontal part of the T-shaped tube is provided with a circular separator plate, the center of the circular separator plate is provided with the separating pore; an outlet at one side of the T-shaped tube is provided with a stop valve and a low-temperature gas temperature sensor which are respectively used for adjusting an outflow volume of a low-temperature gas and detecting the temperature of the low-temperature gas at the auxiliary-side outlet; and the other side of the T-shaped tube is provided with a high-temperature gas temperature sensor. By adopting the experimental device of the utility model, a student can use an ideal gas to approximatively perform a quantitative estimation, thereby understanding the essence of the second law of thermodynamics better.


GB708452   PDF ]
Improvements in or relating to a system for the cooling of compressed gas
Abstract
In a gas cooling and drying apparatus using a vortex tube 15 of the type described in Specification 405,781, the compressed gas before its expansion is cooled by the cooled partial current in a heat exchanger 10, and the cooled partial current amounts to at least 70 per cent of the total current. The compressed gas supplied through a pipe 5 is first cooled in a precooler 6, the separated moisture being removed at 8, and then passes through the tubes 11 of the heat exchanger 10 and through a pipe 14 to the tangential nozzle 16 of the Ranque vortex tube 15. Cold air from the vortex tube passes by a pipe 19 to the heat exchanger and issues through a pipe 21. Precipitated liquid is removed by a separator 28. The warm air issuing through the valve 25 of the vortex tube 15 passes to the place of use through a pipe .23 to which is also connected the pipe 21. If ice, &c. is formed two heat exchangers can be used operating alternately. To avoid the formation of frost a de-icing fluid is distributed by a pipe 27 to a porous substance 29 through which the compressed gas passes. A de Laval nozzle is used to feed the compressed gas tangentially into the tube 15, and the gas rotates in the tube at supersonic speed. The apparatus may be used to dry protective gases for furnaces.


DE4345137   [ PDF ]
Cooling device using exothermic dynamic expansion process
Abstract
The cooling device has a double chamber vortex pipe (6) and a cooling pipe (23), the working fluid (3) fed to one chamber of the vortex pipe, with part of the fluid vaporised and separated into hot and cold gas flows (15, 17) via a Ranque-Hilsch effect. The hot gas flow (15) is delayed by an expansion pipe (22) and fed to the cooling pipe, where it is cooled, the cold gas flow (17) fed via a valve to a collection space before mixing with the cold fluid flow.


DE19612691   [ PDF ]
Method for mixing liquid fuel with air
Abstract
Method is used in mixing a liquid fuel with air, in which a vortex tube is employed. The fuel and air are mixed in a turbulent centrifugal field, for supply to the combustion chamber. In this method, a Hilsch tube is used. This has opposite, hot and cold ends, each with restricted cross-sectional openings. The heated gaseous mixture is extracted from the hot end. Also claimed is a burner, to carry out the procedure. Regions near the air or fuel supply may be heated, or the vortex tube itself is heated.


DE102012021576  [ PDF ]
Deterring a workpiece, by supplying a partially heated workpiece with a cooling medium
Abstract
The method comprises supplying a partially heated workpiece with a cooling medium, and subjecting a deterred area of the workpiece to a turbulence of a gaseous cooling medium. A cold gas flow of the cooling medium is created by an eddy-current generator such as an eddy-current or a vortex pipe and by a Ranque-Hilsch vortex pipe (7). The workpiece is: deterred within a cold gas chamber standing in fluid connection with the eddy-current generator; hardened by an inductive heating; and surface-hardened or air-hardened after a hot forging process. The method comprises supplying a partially heated workpiece with a cooling medium, and subjecting a deterred area of the workpiece to a turbulence of a gaseous cooling medium. A cold gas flow of the cooling medium is created by an eddy-current generator such as an eddy-current or a vortex pipe and by a Ranque-Hilsch vortex pipe (7). The workpiece is: deterred within a cold gas chamber standing in fluid connection with the eddy-current generator; hardened by an inductive heating; and surface-hardened or air-hardened after a hot forging process. The turbulence is created by a relative motion of tangential aligned nozzles and/or the eddy-current generators and the workpiece. The cooling medium includes a spray mist such as a compressed air-water mixture. An independent claim is included for a device for deterring a workpiece.


DE102009041742  [ PDF ]
Device for generating hot- or cold air for medical applications....
Abstract
The device has a hermetically sealed compressor (2) whose pressure output is connected with the input of a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube (5). The compressor is operated as displacement machine. One output of the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube communicates with a device-sided connection for warm- or hot air and another output communicated with a device-sided connection for cold air.


FR1066484 [ PDF ]
Génératrice à vapeur en circuit fermé


FR2439500 [ PDF ]
Electrical machine with cryogenic cooling vortex tube...
Abstract
The rotor (3) has a superconducting winding (7) with cooling ducts (8) connected to a heat exchanger (26) in the cavity of the rotor. This rotor contains a Ranque vortex tube (16), a peripheral outlet of which is connected to a cooling duct in a thermal-electromagnetic shield (13). The rotor (3) also comprises two power leads (39) to the rotor, each having one cooling duct (40) connected to the central outlet (20) of the Ranque vortex tube. Reducer sections (9, 10) each have one cooling duct (11, 12) which has its first inlet close to the superconducting winding (7) and connected with the central outlet (20) of the Ranque vortex tube. The outlets of these cooling ducts (11, 12) are connected with the coolant discharge line (25).


IT1109113  [ PDF ]
Condensable components separation from gas - using vortex chamber...
Abstract
Condensable products such as water liq. hydrocarbon are separated from natural gas by expanding the mixt. in a vortex chamber. Aided by the centrifugal force and the Ranque-Hilsch vortex effect, a cold and a hot gas stream are extracted, keeping the pressure ratio between gas intake and hot gas stream is 1.7 to 7. The cold gas stream is used to cool the mixt. before it enters. The liq. is extracted from the vortex chamber when its temperature and composition differs from that of the gas outflow. This creates a simple way of separating water and liq. hydrocarbon from natural gas and of minimising the erosion effect on the separator.


RU2415813  [ PDF ]
DEVICE TO CLEAN WATER OF IMPURITIES
Abstract
FIELD: process engineering. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices intended for cleaning water of impurities by freezing, and may be used for sea water desalination. Proposed device comprises, at least, two chambers for water freezing and its defrosting made up of vertical hollow cylindrical tanks (1) and (2) arranged in heatproof cases (3) and (4), while freezing and defrosting device represents a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube (5) generating hot and cold airflows intermittently fed into cases (3) and (4) of cylindrical tanks (1) and (2). Note here that each said tank is provided with pipeline (6) of treated water, pipeline (7) to discharge water with impurities and pipeline to drain purified melt water, all pipelines being equipped with controlled shut-off valves. ^ EFFECT: increased efficiency of cleaning.


RU2417337  [ PDF ]
METHOD OF POWER SUPPLY TO AUTONOMOUSLY FUNCTIONING GAS REDUCTION FACILITIES OF MANIFOLD GAS LINES...
Abstract
FIELD: electricity. ^ SUBSTANCE: method of power generation is based on using Ranque-Hilsch and Seebeck effects in compressed gas reduction. To increase efficiency of power generation, in thermoelectric module hot and cold flows of low pressure gas of vortex tube are combined in an ejector, where hot gas is a working one, and cold gas is the injected flow. ^ EFFECT: provision of power supply to auxiliary needs of autonomously functioning gas reduction facilities of manifold gas lines and gas networks of low pressure.


RU2391550  [ PDF ]
FEED METHOD OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH SPARK IGNITION
Abstract
SUBSTANCE: method of power generation is based on using Ranque-Hilsch and Seebeck effects in compressed gas reduction. To increase efficiency of power generation, in thermoelectric module hot and cold flows of low pressure gas of vortex tube are combined in an ejector, where hot gas is a working one, and cold gas is the injected flow. ^ EFFECT: provision of power supply to auxiliary needs of autonomously functioning gas reduction facilities of manifold gas lines and gas networks of low pressure.


RU2715946  [ PDF ]
VORTEX THERMOSTAT
Abstract
FIELD: heating equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering and can be used in heat exchange equipment, in particular in thermostats. MRT vortex thermostat, comprising temperature sensors, electromagnetic valves, MRT heat exchanger, electromagnetic valve control board, LCD monitor with interface, control board, which is a microcomputer having input ports for reading incoming information from temperature sensors and user commands, wherein the output ports serve to communicate with solenoid valves and the LCD monitor interface, and additionally includes a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube connected by means of a heat-insulated hose with quick-detachable connections to the MRT heat exchanger through an air receiver.EFFECT: absence of movable parts of temperature source, which improves reliability of the model, as well as operation in a wide temperature range.


RU2699972   [ PDF ]
SURGICAL SUCTION DEVICE
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for suctioning fluids and gases from surgical wounds and body cavities during surgical and conservative treatment; the device can also be used in dentistry as a saliva ejector. The surgical suction device contains a high-pressure gas source, a gas reducer with pressure gauges, and a Rank-Hilsch vortex tube. The inlet of the tube is connected to a high-pressure gas source through a regulating gas reducer with two pressure gauges and a filter for drying and cleaning the air. The hot end of the vortex tube with an air silencer is vented to atmosphere. The cold end of the vortex tube with an air silencer is equipped with a vacuum gauge and is connected through a flexible pipeline to the air channel of the covers of the receiving vessels. The pipeline is made of polymer and equipped with an antibacterial filter. Simplicity of design, absence of moving parts are provided, which increases reliability and fault tolerance. A wide range of working pressures is achieved.


US3973396  [ PDF ]
Gas turbine power plant
Abstract
The cooling of a gas turbine is a critical problem and will consume a considerable quantity of compressed air at the temperature ordinarily available. To improve the cooling properties, a portion of the air delivered by the compressor is divided off and is conveyed to an expansion member, where it is further divided into a hot and a cold fraction. This cold fraction, which can have a temperature well below the freezing point, is used, preferably mixed with air delivered directly from the compressor, for cooling the turbine inlet means.


US4458494  [ PDF ]
Preventing vaporization of the liquid in a centrifugal gas-liquid separator
Abstract
Preventing vaporization of the liquid in a centrifugal gas-liquid separator
This patent refers to a gas-liquid separation process by centrifugal force, which takes place in a fast turning vortex confined in a tube, similar to inventor's former patents. Against the separating centrifugal force the thermal (Ranque) effect tends to heat the periphery of the tube and vaporize the liquid. This improvement refers to a method of preventing the vaporization of the liquid, either by cooling a short section of the periphery with a cooling jacket, or by taking out the liquid at a short distance from the inlet, where the heating effect on the periphery is minimal, and insulating the liquid from this heating effect. It also refers to the method of control of this liquid separation, and the process of using it as a wellhead oil and gas separator.


US2008209914  [ PDF ]
Device for Cooling Electrical Equipment...
Abstract
A device for cooling electrical or electronic equipment in a turbomachine, such as a unit for controlling actuators for variable-geometry elements, the device comprising at least one vortex tube having an inlet connected to means for feeding pressurized air taken from an element of the turbomachine, and a cold air outlet connected to means for cooling the electrical equipment.


US6334841  [ PDF ]
Centrifuge with Ranque vortex tube cooling
Abstract
This centrifuge includes a chamber (5), a rotor (6) arranged therein, a device (8) for driving the rotation of the rotor, and a device (11) for cooling the atmosphere of the chamber. The device for cooling the atmosphere of the chamber includes a Ranque vortex tube (30), a cold outlet (33) which is connected to one inlet (66) of the chamber. The centrifuge includes a pressurized-gas supply circuit which is connected to an inlet (32) of the Ranque vortex tube and which is intended to be connected to a source (49) of pressurized gas. Application is to the centrifuging of biological products.


US2011056457  [ PDF ]
SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSATION OF LIQUID FROM GAS AND METHOD OF COLLECTION OF LIQUID
Abstract
The present disclosure generally relates to an apparatus for the condensation of a liquid suspended in a gas, and more specifically, to an apparatus for the condensation of water from air with a geometry designed to emphasize adiabatic condensation of water using either the Joule-Thompson effect or the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube effect or a combination of the two. Several embodiments are disclosed and include the use of a Livshits-Teichner generator to extract water and unburned hydrocarbons from exhaust of combustion engines, to collect potable water from exhaust of combustion engines, to use the vortex generation as an improved heat process mechanism, to mix gases and liquid fuel efficiently, and an improved Livshits-Teichner generator with baffles and external condensation.


KR100938538  [ PDF ]
   Solar Vortex Chimney Power Plant boosted by Solar Chimney
Abstract
The invention relates to the solar energy vortex chimney generating station (Solar Vortex Chimney Power Plant) using only the radiant heat of the environment-friendly sun. And it served as the buster (Booster) making the most of the principles of the existing solar energy chimney (Solar chimney) and first supplied the pressurized atmosphere to the main part power generation vortex chimney (Main Power Generation Vortex Chimney). And the cold turbine is set up in the hot turbine and lower part on the top of the vortex chimney which secondaries uses the principles of the existing Vortex tube and it compares with the existing solar energy chimney and the power generation of the high efficiency is possible...


US1952281  [ PDF ]
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING FROM A FLUID UNDER PRESSURE TWO CURRENTS OF FLUIDS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Georges Joseph Ranque

The object of my invention is a method for automatically obtaining, from a compressible fluid (gas or vapour) under pressure, a current of hot fluid and a current of cold fluid, that transformation of the initial fluid into two currents of different temperatures taking place without the help of any movable mechanical organ, merely through the work of the molecules of fluid upon one anotner.

The method according to my invention consists essentially in dividing the fluid under pressure, which is admitted tangentially into a vessel having the shape of a body of revolution, into two coaxial sheets of fluid moving with a gyratory motion and reacting upon each other so as to produce, under the acticn of centrifugal force, the compression of the outer sheet by the inner sheet which expands, this compression absorbing a certain amount of work, which is evidenced by'a rise in the temperature of the compressed sheet at the expense of the other sheet, which is thus cocled.

In a practical mode of carrying out this method, the fluid under pressure is introduced tangentially into a vessel having the shape of a body of revolution provided with axial orifices disposed on either side of the fluid inlet. Said fluid is suitably guided so as to give it a helical motion toward one of said orifices, the cross section of which is suitably restricted so as to produce a backward motion of a portion of the fluid toward the opposite orifice. This produces two sheets of fluids having opposite axial motions, the inner sheet expanding and compressing the outer-sheet, thus supplying heat thereto.

A current of hot fluid is thus received through the orifice of restricted cross section, while a current of cold fluid is received through the opposite orifice.

Another object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the method above referred to. According to my invention, this apparatus comprises a chamber having the shape of a body of revolution the middle part of which is provided with one or more tangential inlet tubes for the fluid under pressure. Axial orifices are provided at either end of said chamber, one of said orifices, toward which the liqf1id, or fluid is directed through a suitable guiding with a gyratory motion, having a cross section smaller than that of the sheet of fluid, so that a portion of the latter is driven back toward the opposite orifice in such manner that it is caused to flow over the sheet of fluid that is applied against the wall of the chamber in question.

(Cl. 62-170) 11952,281 Preferred embodiments of my invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings, given merely by way of example, and in which:

Figs. I to 5 inclusive are diagrammatical views illustrating the principle of my invention, Fig. 2 being a sectional view on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is a diagrammatical view of an embodiment of my invention; 6 Fig. 6a is a sectional view on the line 6a-6a of Fig. 6;
Fig. 7 is a detailed view showing in axial section a practical embodiment of my invention;
Fig. 7a is a perspective view of the helicoidal guide;
Fig. 8 is a corresponding plan view on a smaller scale;
Fig. 9 is a diagrammatical elevational view of another embodiment of my invention;
Fig. 10 is an end view corresponding to Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a diagrammatical view of another embodiment of my invention;
Fig. 12 is an end view corresponding to Fig. 11;
Figs. 13 and 14 are diagrammatical views of 8( two other embodiments of my invention..

The principle on which my invention is based is illustrated by diagrammatic Figures 1 to 5.

Supposing, as shown in Figs. I and 2, that a tube A B is provided in its middle part with a tangential inlet pipe 1 through which a current of a compressible fluid,(gas or vapour) under pressure is sent into said tube, said fluid is given in said tube a certain linear velocity parallel with the axis of said tube, said rectilinear movement being combined with a gyratory movement about the axis of the tube. The fluid flows toward bcth ends of the tube.

As the fluid is moving away from the inlet pipe, its rectilinear velocity, which is parallel with the axis x Y of the tube, increases, and its angular velocity decreases, so that the fluid spreads along the wall of the tube so as to form a sheet 2 having substantially the shape of a body of revolution about axis x y (Mg. 3). In 100 said sheet the molecules are subjected to a pressure which is the higher as they are at a greater distance frcm the axis of the tube, due to the action of the centrifugal force. At the same time, the flow of the fluid produces a substantial 105 f all of pressure in the central zone of the tube, so that the outer air. which is at the atmospheric pressure, is drawn toward the central zone of the tube, thus forming two axial currents 2a (Fig. 4). When the outer air reaches said cen- 110 tral zone, it is driven back toward the outside by the fluid moving with a gyratory movement, thus forming streams 3.

If an annular diaphragm 4, the free central opening 4a of which has a diameter equal to the minimum diameter of the zone In which a fall of pressure is produced, as shown in Fig. 5, is provided in the central part of the tube, on one side of the tangential inlet pipe, the fluid moving with a gyratory movement will flow only toward orifice B, carrying along with it the atmospheric air coming from both orifice A and arifice B. The method and the apparatus according to my invention are based on the experimental facts that have just been stated.

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 6 and 6a, the apparatus consists of a chamber 5 having the shape of a body of revolution about axis x y, the middle part 6 of said chamber being of restricted cross section and being provided with a tangential inlet pipe 7 for the fluid (gas or vapour) under pressure. The inner wall of chamber 5 is provided, opposite the opening of said pipe, with a helical guiding surface 8. The orifice A of chamber 5 is freely opened, while the cross section of orifice B is restricted by a kind of frusto-conical diaphragm or deflector 9, so that the fluid under pressure, admitted through pipe 7, is only allowed to flow through an annular Soaperture 10, which is not sufficient for the amount of fluid fed thereto. The fluid under pressure admitted through pipe 7 and guided by helical surface 8 is simultaneously given a rectilinear motion which causes it to move within chamber 6 toward opening 10, and a rotary motion about axis x y. The sheet of fluid that is immediately adjacent the wall of the chamber flows out through said opening 10, while the remainder of the fluid, which is prevented from flowing out by diaphragm 9 is subjected to the fall of pressure existing in the central zone of the chamber and is given a, backward motion toward orifice A. I thus obtain, according to my invention, a first sheet of fluid 11, moving with a gyratory motion along the inner wall of the chamber, from orifice 7 toward orifice B, and a second sheet of fluid 12 moving with a gyratory motion along the inner surface of the first mentioned sheet in an opposite axial direction, said second sheet of fluid consisting of the difference between the amount of fluid admitted through pipe 7 and the amount of fluid that is allowed to flow out through opening 10.

Said sheet of fluid under pressure 12, which moves with a gyratory motion not along the rigid wall of chamber 5, but along the elastic surface of the first mentioned sheet of fluid, tends on the one hand under the action of the centrifugal, force, and on the other hand under the effect of the increase of velocity due to the expansion and to the rotation that take place, to compress the molecules of the first mentioned sheet of fluid.

That compression absorbs a certain amount of work, which is evidenced by a loss of heat from the second mentioned sheet to the benefit of the first mentioned one. Consequently, the temperature of sheet 12 falls, while the temperature of sheet 11 rises. Finally, there is obtained through orifice 10 a current of hot fluid, and Ahrough orifice A a current of'cold fluid.

7o The initial guiding of the fluid toward one of the orifices is necessary for practical purposes in order to obtain an accurate centering of the central zone of depression or fall of temperature. In the example above described, that guiding is 7& effected through helical inclined surface 8. The I following description will show that the same result could be obtained through other guiding means.

The adjustment of the cross section of the outlet orifice at B, which can be obtained through any suitable means makes it possible, by modifying the rates of flow at B and A, to vary the differences between the temperature of the initial fluid and those of the hot fluid and of the cold fluid escaping through outlet orifices B and A respectively.

If, for instance, the cross section of the orifice through which the hot fluid Is allowed to flow out is considerably restricted, the rate of flow of the hot fluid is diminished, but the rate of flow of the cold fluid is simultaneously increased so that the heat that is given out from one sheet to the other one causes a considerable rise of the temperature of the hot fluid but a small fall of the temperature of the cold fluid, as compared with that of the initial fluid.

Figs. 7 and 7a show a practical embodiment of my invention.

This embodiment comprises a cylindrical chamber 12 in which the interchange of heat takes I place, and an annular distributing organ made of two pieces 13-13a which is provided with an inlet pipe 14 for the fluid under pressure. Said distributing organ comprises an inner cylindrical chamber 15 connected with cylinder 12 1 through a frusto-conical surface 16, and with annular conduit 17 of the distributing organ through a tangential passage 17a. The guiding helical surface 8 extends from one edge 17b to the other 17c of the orifice of said passage. The tangential I passage 17a and the guiding inclined surface 8 are provided in a separate part 19, provided with conical surfaces 19a-19b for the centering thereof between parts 13 and 13a of the distributing organ. On the side opposite to cylinder 12 said I distributing organ is connected with a cylinder 21 at the end of whic h the current of cold fluid is received, while the current of hot fluid passing through the annular orifice provided around conical diaphragm 9 is received through tube 22.

Figs. 9 to 13 show other embodiments of the means for guiding the fluid. In the embodiment of Figs. 9 and 10, said guiding is obtained through several tangential pipes 7a opening into a frustoconical chamber 23 connected with the working 1 chamber 12.

In the embodiment of Figs. 11 and 12,.the guiding action is obtained through several pipes 7a opening tangentially into chamber 12, but which are inclined with respect to the axis x y of said 1 chamber.

It should be well understood that it is not absolutely necessary, according to my. invention, that the fluid under pressure should be admitted tangentially into a chamber having the shape of 1 a body of revolution in which the fluid is divided into two coaxial sheets one of which receives from the other one mechanical work which is transformed into heat. What is necessary. is to obtain an aimular flow of the fluid moving with a gyratory movement and any means for obtaining that result may be obtained according to my invention. In particular, I may use to this effect directing blades disposed for. instance in an inlet conduit coaxial with the chamber in which the interchange of heat takes place.

Furthermore, instead of being provided on either side of the inlet conduit, the axial orifices through which the two sheets of liquid escape may be disposed on the same side of said inlet conduit, the annular orifice for the outflow of the hot fluid surrounding the outlet orifice for the cold fluid. In such an arrangement, the two sheets have parallel axial movements in the same direction, which may be advantageous in some cases for reducing their mutual friction. Such an arrangement is shown in ilig. 13 In which the fluid is admitted at one of the ends A of the chamber A B having the shape of a body of revolution and Is given a gyratory movement by a plurality of blades 23 disposed in an annular tube 24. The other end B, of chamber A B is provided with two concentric orifices 10 and disposed in such manner that the outer orifice is limited by a diaphragm 9 so that the fluid moving with a gyratory motion from end A past blades 23 cannot escape entirely through said orifice 10.

A part of said fluid is compelled to escape through the inner orifice 25, of smaller diameter, which corresponds to a zone of lesser pressure.

This causes an expansion of that portion of the fluid and it has been ascertained experimentally that said expansion starts as soon as the fluid leaves the directing blades and is continued as far as orifice 25. According to the laws of gyratory flow, said expanding sheet compresses the sheet that surrounds it and that flows out through annular orifice 10 and tube 26. In order to avoid parasitic entrainments, it is advantageous to give also to orifice 25 an annular shape by means of a deflector 27, along which the inner sheet flows before reaching tube 28. To sum up, tube 28 serves to the outflow of a portion of the fluid that is cooled by expansion with production of external work and tube 26 serves to the outflow of the remaining portion of the fluid, which is heated by compression.

Finally, instead of extracting the initial energy that is necessary for the working of the apparatus, from a compressed air reservoir, it may be necessary in some cases to make use of mechanical energy for imparting a gyratory movement to the fluid and for giving it the superpressure that is necessary for its flow through the apparatus. To this effect, I may dispose, in concentric relation with the stationary blades that control the inlet of fluid, a plurality of movable blades wbich are mechanically actuated and are disposed in the same manner as the rotor of an air fan or of a compressor. -Such an arrangement is diagrammatically shown in Fig. 14 in which the initial energy of the fluid is not due to a preliminary compression in a separate apparatus but is imparted thereto in the apparatus itself by means of a rotor with blades 29 which is mechanically driven by a shaft 30.

In this embodiment all the other parts are disposed in the same manner as in the apparatus of Fig. 1, with the exception of deflector 27 which is replaced by an annular body 31 extending along the whole length of chamber A B, which is preferable when the diameter of the latter is relatively large.

While I have described what I deem to be preferred embodiments of my invention, it should be well understood that I do not wish to be limited thereto as there might be changes made in the arrangement, disposition and form of the parts without departing from the principle of my invention. It will be understood that it is advantageous to reduce the interchanges of heat between the various parts and between said parts and the outside by means of suitable heat insulating arrangements. Finally the adjustment 1,952,281.

of the difference of temperature between the hot sheet of fluid and the cold sheet may be obtained by modifying the ratio of the flows of the hot and cold fluids to the initial flow, which may be produced by modifying the sections or the inlet or outlet pressure of one of the three currents of fluid. In particular, in order to increase the temperature of the hot sheet, I may restrict the section left by diaphragm 9 for the outlet of said sheet or reduce the rate of flow by means of a valve disposed on the outlet pipe for the outflow of the heat fluid, or increase the initial pressure of the fluid admitted into the apparatus or again act on the section or the pressure at the outlet of the cold sheet.


EP2107321 [ PDF ]
Method of controlling a device comprising Hilsch-Ranque vortex tubes
Abstract
The method involves blocking an expulsion orifice at an end of a Hilsch-Ranque vortex tube (24) by a tapered relief valve, so that a fraction of injected compressed air forming an incoming hot air stream is expelled outside a chamber (12) while another fraction of the air stream is reflected towards another end of the tube. The tapered relief valve is preset, so that the fractions of the air stream are constant during control operation, and injection pressure of the compressed air is controlled, where the compressed air is supplied to the tube by an air accumulator (30) i.e. cylinder. An independent claim is also included for a device for controlling an air conditioning device or refrigeration cooling/heating device in a sealed enclosure in a motor vehicle.


US3672179 [ PDF ]
GAS LIQUIFACTION
Abstract
A gas under pressure enters a single counter-flow heat exchanger having a high pressure entrance side and a low pressure exhaust side, the gas from the high pressure side being connected in parallel to a number of Ranque tubes in which the gas expands. The hot and cold streams from the tubes are connected along the length of the low pressure side of the heat exchanger to progressively cool gas in the high pressure side until a small percentage of the gas can be flashed to liquid for storage.


DE4208799 [ PDF ]
Cold treatment of human and animal body parts - by means of appts. supplying cold dry gas to affected body part

Abstract
Appts. (I) for the medical cold treatment of human or animal body parts contains a tube (vortex- or Hilsch tube) connected to an outlet for the cold gas surrounded by a funnel. The funnel is covered by an airpermeable and water absorbent material. Pref. the funnel (5) is covered with an inner water absorbing and an outer water repellant layer that are bound to a multilayer textile (6). The material covering is pref. detachable from the funnel rim. The funnel is detachable from the vortex tube (1) and is made fro either a hard material such as metal or plastic or from a flexible material such as silicone rubber or rubber. The material coverin gthe funnel opening has elastic properties and additionally is covered by an air permeable foam or mesh layer. The water absorbing material is composed of cotton and/or modified acrylate and the water repellant material is composed of polyamide, polyester or propylene. USE/ADVANTAGE - Use of (I) allows a physically therapeutic cooling of body parts without unpleasant sensation by the application of a dry coldness in an exact and reproducible manner. (I) may be used with compressed air thereby eliminating the hazards of toxic gas inhalation and flammability.


GB405781 [ PDF ]
An improved method and apparatus for heating and cooling fluids

Abstract
A current of fluid under pressure is directed with a rotary motion along the inner surface of a cylinder 12, Figs. 9, 10, and the outer layer of fluid, which is heated by compression due to centrifugal action is drawn off through an annular orifice 10 at one end of the cylinder, while the inner layer, which is cooled by expansion, is deflected and drawn off at the other end of the cylinder. In modifications the tangential inlet passages 7<a> are replaced by rotating or stationary helical vanes 23, Fig. 13, and the cooled layer of fluid is withdrawn through an annular opening 25 concentric with outlet 10 for the hot layer.


JPS5934402 [ PDF ]
ROTOR DEVICE OF STEAM TURBINE
Abstract
PURPOSE:To provide a cooling means without causing any possibility of decreasing stage performance further without causing any possibility of inducing a problem of strain and strength due to the unevenness of temperature distribution, by constituting a vortex tube in a space in the shaft center of a turbine rotor. CONSTITUTION:A part of working fluid is allowed to flow into a chamber 25 from a nozzle 16 opened to a root part in the downstream side of a disc 8 holding a moving blade 7 in the second stage, and the fluid of low temperature in the center part of a shaft is allowed to flow through an orifice plate 15 and isolated to a chamber 26, while the fluid of high temperature in the peripheral side is left in the chamber 25. The high temperature fluid 23 is fluidized to heat the internal part of a turbine rotor 9 and released to the outside via a discharge hole 17 at the high temperature side, while the low temperature fluid 24 is fluidized while cooling the internal part of the turbine rotor 9 and discharged to the outside from a discharge hole 18 at the low temperature side.


US3831430 [ PDF ]
DEVICE FOR MEASURING DENSITY AND DEW POINT OF A GAS
Abstract
This invention uses a vortex tube or Hilsch tube in combination with a thermocouple to determine the apparent molecular weight or density of a gas mixture and the dew point of the gas mixture. The thermocouple has a flat planar configuration with one side highly polished for accurately indicating the dew point. The cold gas which is extracted from the Hilsch tube is used to cool the polished thermocouple until frost or dew is formed on the thermocouple. This indicates the dew point of the gas surrounding the polished surface of the thermocouple. The temperature of the thermocouple continues to drop until it indicates the exhaust temperature of the cold gas from the Hilsch tube. This output temperature is a function of the pressure and temperature of the incoming gas and the density of the gas. Thus if the incoming gas temperature and pressure are held constant the exhaust gas temperature is a function of the density of the gas mixture.


US2009241555 [ PDF ]
METHOD OF CONTROLLING A DEVICE INCLUDING HILSCH-RANQUE VORTEX TUBES

Abstract
A method of controlling a device for air conditioning (80) or cooling by refrigeration (10) or heating the interior of a sealed chamber (12), the device (10, 80) including at least one compressed air source (16, 30) which supplies at least one Hilsch-Ranque tube (24), called "vortex" tube, with compressed air at an injection pressure (Pinj), is characterized in that a tapered relief valve (48) of the tube (24) is preset so that the first (FC) and second (FF) fractions of cold and hot air are constant while the method is running and in that it includes a step (E3, C4) for controlling the compressed air injection pressure (Pinj). A device for implementing such a method is also described.


WO9624808 [ PDF ]
COOLING SYSTEM
Abstract
The system comprises a heat exchanger (WT), a pressure-relief valve (D), a separator (S) and a cooling vortex tube (KWR), i.e. a Ranque and Hilsch vortex tube supplemented by a separate hot flow cooler (WK) and a hot flow return line (WR) with a regulating valve (RV2). These components are arranged relative to one another such that a flow of compressed fluid, i.e. liquid, mixed liquid-vaporized or vaporized, working medium which arrives at ambient temperature is expanded exothermically, i.e. releasing heat into its environment, forming a liquid-vapour mixture or a vapour. The working medium can be a pure substance or a mixture of substances.


WO2005113741 [ PDF ]
VORTEX TUBE THERMOCYCLER
Abstract
A thermal cycling apparatus (10) utilizes hot and cold gas streams produced from pressurized gas being passed through a Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube (20) to efficiently and rapidly cycle samples (70) (i.e., DNA+Primer+Polymerse) between the denaturation, annealing, and elongation temperatures of the PCR process. The samples (70) are disposed within a reaction chamber (40) that, through connection with a vortex tube (20), allows the gas to contact the samples (70). The temperature of the gas that is allowed to contact the samples (70) is controlled by a valving system (30) being connected with the vortex tube (20) and the reaction chamber (40). The valving system (30) controls the flow of cold gas into the reaction chamber (40) where it is mixed with the hot gas to establish the different temperatures required for the denaturation, annealing, and elongation steps of the cycle.


WO2013095176 [ PDF ]
 AIR CONDITIONER
Abstract
The air conditioner relates to air-conditioning systems using vortex tubes and comprises the following, mounted in a housing: a compressed-air blower (2), a vortex tube (4), a vortex disperser (6), a vortex contact evaporator (5), a vortex humidifier (7), a water container (8) and a piping system (12) with distributing valves (13 - 16), said system providing for appropriate connection of the above-mentioned components. The air conditioner can additionally also comprise an ionizer (27) and a heat exchanger (9) with a fan (10). A process for cooling the air conditionable in such an air conditioner is divided into two processes: cooling by using the Ranque-Hilsch effect in the vortex tube (4) and additionally by endothermically evaporating a finely dispersed liquid in the vortex contact evaporator (5) and in the vortex humidifier (7), which, by reducing the volume of air in both the evaporator and the humidifier and intensifying the heat-exchange processes, makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the cooling process as a whole.


WO2014163523 [ PDF ]
RADIATION-WAVE CRACKING METHOD AND REACTOR FOR SAME
Abstract
The processing of petroleum and petroleum products involves the spraying thereof in a gas vortex flow formed in the peripheral near-wall portion of a cylindrical reactor with the occurrence of the Ranque effect, and subjecting the vortex flows to an ionizing radiation of accelerated electrons and to super-high frequency electromagnetic radiation. In addition, the near-axis vortex flow and, partially, the near-wall vortex flow are guide


CA1014077 [ PDF ]
PRESSURE REGULATING REFRIGERATIVE AIR DRYER SYSTEM


US3208229 [ PDF ]
Vortex tube


US5682749 [ PDF ]
Critical temperature control with vortex cooling
Abstract
Variations in the air outlet temperature of a vortex cooler which varies with the inlet temperature and pressure are maintained within precise limits by a thermocouple electrically connected to a feedback loop which controls the vortex inlet air pressure in response to the signal from the thermocouple. A pneumatic inlet air control valve, along with a microprocessor based transmitter/controller and an I/P Converter pneumatically connected to the vortex inlet air control valve comprise the feedback loop. This maintains the cold air outlet temperature of the cooler within one degree of the desired temperature, despite fluctuations in the inlet air pressure and temperature.


US4302949 [ PDF ]
Refrigeration and heating system
Abstract
A turbine assembly 100 is disclosed for dividing a stream of gaseous working fluid into two streams, one stream having a higher temperature than the other. A heating and refrigeration system incorporating the turbine assembly 100 is also disclosed.


US3165149  [ PDF ]
Temperature control system


US4646524  [ PDF ]
Method of intensifying heat in reversed Rankine cycle and reversed Rankine cycle apparatus for conducting the same
Abstract
A reversed Rankine cycle system, wherein a vortex tube is disposed between the compressor and the condenser in a reversed Rankine cycle, the superheated vapors of coolant at a high pressure discharged from the compressor are taken out while separating them by the vortex tube into higher and lower temperature components through energy separation to render most of the portion thereof into superheated vapors of coolant at a higher temperature and the remaining portions into vapors of coolant at a lower temperature respectively, and the superheated vapors of coolant separated to the higher temperature side are introduced into the circuit on the higher temperature side of the condenser and condensated therein, while the vapors of coolant separated to the lower temperature side are recycled to the system, of the cycle, preferably, to the circuit on the lower temperature side of the condenser. Heat may be supplied from the atmospheric air or from the compressor to the vapors of coolant from the lower temperature side of the vortex tube or, in the case where the temperature of the coolant on the lower temperature side is high, excess heat may be recovered therefrom by a heat exchanger for heat absorption.


GB945252  [ PDF ]
Improvements in or relating to method and apparatus for cooling utilizing a vortex tube
Abstract
A vortex tube has its inlet connected to atmosphere and its outlets connected to one or more suction-producing devices so that it operates at sub-atmospheric pressure. At least the cold outlet is connected to the suction inlet of an I.C. engine through a heat exchanger. As shown in Fig. 1, ambient air flows to inlet 30 through air-cleaner 50 and also through control valve 29 to the carburetter 27 of a petrol engine 20 having two suction pipes 22, 23 the latter being connected to the carburetter and the former being connected through heat exchanger 26 with the cold outlet 24 of the vortex tube. Cooling air for the passenger space of the vehicle driven by the engine may be blown over the heat exchanger. The hot outlet 28 of the tube is also connected to the inlet of the carburetter. If the engine be diesel, it has three suction pipes connected directly to ambient air, to the hot outlet of the tube, and to the cold outlet via the heat exchanger. In a modification, the cold outlet is connected to the intake of an I.C. engine driving a suction-producing device the inlet of which is connected to the hot outlet of the tube.