rexresearch
Joseph DAVIDOVITS
GeoPolymers
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7MI-mvUAAAAJ&hl=fr
Joseph Davidovits
Emeritus Professor, Geopolymer Institute, 02100 Saint-Quentin, France

https://akjournals.com/view/journals/10973/37/8/article-p1633.xml
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Volume 37: Issue 8
Geopolymers -- Inorganic polymeric new materials

Spectacular technological progress has been made in the last few years through the development of new materials such as ‘geopolymers’, and new techniques, such as ’sol-gel’. New state-of-the-art materials designed with the help of geopolymerization reactions are opening up new applications and procedures and transforming ideas that have been taken for granted in inorganic chemistry. High temperature techniques are no longer necessary to obtain materials which are ceramic-like in their structures and properties. These materials can polycondense just like organic polymers, at temperatures lower than 100‡. Geopolymerization involves the chemical reaction of alumino-silicate oxides (Al 3+ in IV-fold coordination) with alkali polysilicates yielding polymeric Si-O-Al bonds; the amorphous to semi-crystalline three dimensional silico-aluminate structures are of the Poly(sialate) type (-SiO-Al-O …

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dliw_KTYq4oC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=info:lpKdZeUrftkJ:scholar.google.com&ots=GUl1nHvsk-&sig=QJiHnN_msY-hLTbXkNaPGpWN1gA#v=onepage&q&f=false
Geopolymer chemistry and applications
Joseph Davidovits

https://www.geopolymer.org/wp-content/uploads/KIEV.pdf
Properties of Geopolymer Cements
J. Davidovits
[ PDF ]

GEOPOLYMER CEMENT -- a review
Professor Joseph Davidovits

Making Cement with Plant Extracts
Joseph Davidovits

The Pyramids: An Enigma Solved
Joseph Davidovits, Frederic Davidovits

Why the pharaohs built the pyramids with fake stones
Davidovits, Joseph, 1935-, James, Claude

GeoPolymers

Geopolymers: Structures, Processing, Properties and Industrial Applications
J. L. Provis, J. S. J. van Deventer

Geopolymers as Sustainable Surface
Ghasan Fahim Huseien &, Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam &, Mahmood Md. Tahir

Geopolymers: Properties and Applications
Petrica Vizureanu, et al

12th INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS CONGRESS PART H. Geopolymers and Geocements
Pietro VINCENZINI and Cristina LEONELLI

Development of Geopolymer from Pond Ash-Thermal Power Plant Waste: Novel Constructional Materials for Civil Engineers
Muktikanta Panigrahi, Ratan Indu Ganguly, Radha Raman Dash

Experimental and Statistical Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete
Yifei Cui, Kaikai Gao, Peng Zhang

Geopolymers and Composites: Processing Technologies and Applications
Huirong Le &, Kaibao Wang &, Longyuan Li

Design & Development of Geopolymer Concrete: A detailed procedure for mix design of geopolymer concrete
Parveen Jangra

Geopolymer binder systems
Struble, Leslie et al

Developments in Porous, Biological and Geopolymer Ceramics
Manuel Brito

Patents

COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A FIBROUS REINFORCEMENT AND A POLY(PHOSPHO-SIALATE) GEOPOLYMER MATRIX AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD
US11299425 (B2)
A composite material containing a matrix and a fibrous reinforcement, in particular a textile embedded in the matrix. The matrix includes a geopolymer of the poly(phospho-sialate) type having the following formula I: (1) (—P—O—Si—O—Al—O—)n in which n is greater than 2. The matrix further includes zirconium covalently bonded to the matrix, especially in the —ZrO form and/or in the —O—Zr—O form. The matrix has a melting temperature greater than 700° C., especially equal to or greater than 1200° C.
Process for obtaining a geopolymeric alumino-silicate and products thus obtained
US5342595 (A)
The geopolymeric alumino-silicates have been grouped in three families depending on the atomic ratio Si/Al which may be 1, 2 or 3. With the most commonly used simplified notation, a distinction is made between -poly Mn-(Si-O-Al-O)n- or (M)-PS, -(sialate) -poly Mn-(Si-O-Al-O-Si-O)n- or (M)-PSS, -(sialate- -siloxo) -poly Mn-(Si-O-Al-O-Si-O-Si-O)n- or -(sialate- (M)-PSDS -disiloxo). - A process for obtaining a geopolymer of the alkaline poly(sialate-disiloxo) family (M)-PSDS with the ratio Si/Al=3 involves producing geopolymeric resin obtained from a reactional mixture containing: a) an aqueous solution of alkaline silicate with a molar ratio SiO2:M2O comprised between or equal to SiO2:M2O 4.0:1 and 6.6:1 the concentration of which is over 60% wt and where the initial viscosity at 20 DEG C. is 200 centipoises, then increases but does not exceed 500 centipoises before 5 hours at 20 DEG C.; b) an alumino-silicate oxide (Si2O5,Al2O2) in which the Al cation is in coordination (IV-V), as determined by the MAS-NMR spectrum for 27Al, the said oxide being in such a quantity that the molar ratio Al2O3:SiO2 is comprised between or equal to Al2O3:SiO2 1:5.5 and 1:6.5, and then allowing the geopolymeric resin to cure. As against the prior art, the fact that there is no need to add fillers to prevent the geopolymeric matrix from cracking makes it possible to keep a very low viscosity in the geopolymeric resin and develop its film-forming property, which is a distinct advantage when fibers or other granular materials are to be impregnated.

Geopolymeric fluoro-alumino-silicate binder and process for obtaining it
US5352427 (A)
A geopolymeric fluoro-alumino-silicate binder is provided which makes it possible to manufacture items with excellent mechanical and heat resistance at temperatures between 250 DEG C. and 650 DEG C. with a variable coefficient of thermal expansion 5.10-6/ DEG C.< DELTA lambda <35.10-6/ DEG C. After curing, the geopolymeric compound thus obtained is a solid solution comprising: a) a geopolymer of the fluoro-alkaline poly(sialate-disiloxo) type (M,F)-PSDS of formula b) an alkaline-alumino-fluoride M3A1F6 such as elpasolite K2NaAlF6; c) a silicious phase SiO2 of the Opal CT type, hydrous SiO2; where "M" represents the cations Na and/or K, and "n" the degree of polymerisation. The process for obtaining fluoro-alumino-silicate geopolymer binders consists of reacting a geopolymeric resin obtained from a reactional mixture containing: a) an aqueous solution of alkaline silicate with a molar ratio M2O:SiO2 comprised between or equal to M2O:SiO2 1:4.0 and 1:6.5 the concentration of which is over 60% wt and where the initial viscosity at 20 DEG C. is 200 centipoises, then increases but does not exceed 500 centipoises before 5 hours at 20 DEG C.; b) an alumino-silicate oxide (Si2O5,Al2O2) in which the Al cation is in coordination (IV-V), as determined by the MAS-NMR spectrum for 27Al, c) sodium fluosilicate Na2SiF6. The mixture of the constituents a)+b)+c) has a water content lower than 30% wt and leads to a geopolymeric resin whose starting viscosity is in the 350-500 centipoises, with oxide molar ratios comprised between or equal to Al2O3:M2O1:1.0 and 1:20 Al2O3:SiO21:5.5 and 1:75, M2O:H2O1:5.0 and 1:12.0 Al2O3:F-1:0.5 and 1:50 and then allowing the geopolymeric resin to cure.

Method for eliminating the alkali-aggregate reaction in concretes and cement thereby obtained
US5288321 (A)
Method for eliminating the dangerous alkali-aggregate reaction in concretes which contain hydrated cement obtained by the alkaline activation of Portland cement. The formation in this concrete of a compound which can generate a soluble alkali aluminate is prevented by reacting a mineral composition by alkaline activation, the said compound consisting of a hydrated alumino-silicate whose Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 27Al MAS-NMR spectrum shows a resonance at 66+-5 ppm corresponding to a (Q3)(3Si)-type (AlO4) tetrahedron. The above-mentioned mineral composition contains: a) 100 parts by weight of the said calcium alumino-silicate; b) 10 to 30 parts by weight of powdered synthetic alumino-silicate belonging to the class of silicates whose mineralogical structure is lamellar and whose MAS-NMR for 27Al has at least one main resonance at 20+-5 ppm and/or 50+-5 ppm in relation to AlCl3. c) 0 to 10 parts by weight of a hydrated disilicate Ca(H3SiO4)2 whose (SiO4) tetrahedron polymerization degree is (Q1) as determined by the value of the MAS-NMR spectrum for 29Si. The mineral composition is a rapid-set geopolymeric cement characterized after alkaline activation by its 27Al MAS-NMR spectrum which shows a resonance at 55+-5 ppm in relation to AlCl3, corresponding to a (Q4)(4Si)-type (AlO4) tetrahedron, and a resonance at 0+-5 ppm in relation to AlCl3, corresponding to Al in VI-fold coordination (AlO6) in aluminum hydroxide and/or hydrated calcium sulfo-aluminate (ettringite). The ratio (AlO4)(4Si)/(AlO6) between the intensity of the (Q4)(4Si)-type (AlO4) resonance at 55+-5 ppm and the intensity of the (AlO6) resonance at 0 ppm is equal to or between 0.1 and 1.
 
Method for obtaining a geopolymeric binder allowing to stabilize, solidify and consolidate toxic or waste materials
US5539140 (A)
The method of the invention provides a geopolymeric binder in powder, used for the ultra rapid treatment of materials, soils or mining tailings, containing toxic wastes. Said geopolymeric binder has a setting time equal to or greater than 30 minutes at a temperature of 20 DEG C. and a hardening rate such as to provide compression strengths (Sc) equal to or greater than 15 MPa, after only 4 hours at 20 DEG C., when tested in accordance with the standards applied to hydraulic binder mortars having a binder/sand ratio equal to 0.38 and a water/binder ratio between 0.22 and 0.27. The preparation method includes the following three reactive constituents: a) an alumino-silicate oxide (Si2O5, Al2O2) in which the Al cation is in (IV-V) coordination as determined by MAS-NMR analytical spectroscopy for 27Al; b) a disilicate of sodium and/or potassium (Na2.K2)(H3SiO4)2; c) a silicate of calcium where the molar ratios between the three reactive constituents being equal to or between ates the calcium ion belonging to a weakly basic silicate of calcium whose atomic ratio Ca/Si is lower than 1.

Alkaline alumino-silicate geopolymeric matrix for composite materials with fiber reinforcement and method for obtaining same
US5798307 (A)
An alkali aluminosilicate geopolymeric matrix for the production of composite materials with a fiber reinforcement has a composition, after dehydration, expressed as oxides, as follows: yM2O:Al2O3:xSiO2where "x" is 6.5-70, "y" is 0.95-9.50 and M is Na, K or Na+K. The geopolymeric matrix comprises a nanocomposite material with at least two phases, with (a) a first nodular silicious phase composed of nanospheres with diameters of less than 1 micron, preferably less than 500 nm, and (b) a second polymeric phase essentially composed of alkali poly(aluminosilicate) having one or more sialate bridge (-Si-O-Al-O) cross-linking sites of total formula M4Si2AlO10 to M2Si4AlO16, such that, in the alkali poly(aluminosilicate), the ratio of Si(O4) to Al(O4) is >3.5, preferably >5. The geopolymeric matrix has a spectrum of 29Si MASNMR with three resonance regions: -87+/-5 ppm, -98 +/-5 ppm, -107 +/-5 ppm, and prevents the oxidation at high temperatures of the carbon fibre. The resulting composite materials can be used at temperatures of up to 1000 DEG C.

Method for bonding fiber reinforcement on concrete and steel structures and resultant products
US5925449 (A)
Fiber-reinforced geopolymeric resin having a mole ratio of SiO2:Al2O3 of at least equal to 6, and preferably at least equal to 10, adheres well to both concrete and steel, and is used to protectively cover infrastructures formed of steel-reinforced concrete and the like.

Composite floor coverings
US3985925 (A)
This invention relates to a composite covering, particularly useful as floor covering, constituted by an underlayer of a density varying as a function of the thickness and by a light velvet-type woven fabric with a weight per surface unit of between 70 and 120 g/m2, said fabric, constituting the visible face of the covering, being glued to the underlayer on the side of the zone of high density.
 
Process for agglomerating compressible mineral substances under the form of powder, particles or fibres
US4028454 (A)
The invention pertains to a process for agglomerating compressible powders, particles or fibres of mineral substances, said process comprising the steps of placing at least one layer of a steam and gas pervious product on a layer of said compressible substances in which the water content is such that, after vaporization, a sufficient amount of water is still present to ensure the desired chemical reaction, then subjecting the layers to the simultaneous action of pressure and heating.

Process for the fabrication of sintered panels and panels resulting from the application of this process
US3950470 (A)
The invention pertains to a panel manufacturing process comprising the steps of spreading in succession on a stationary or mobile support a layer of an alkaline silicate mixture, followed by a layer of an intimate mixture of mineral or organic particles and/or fibres and of an organic bonding agent and of simultaneously compressing these layers by bringing them up to a temperature of at least 80 DEG C depending on the bonding agent used.

Synthetic mineral polymer compound of the silicoaluminates family and preparation process
US4472199 (A)
A mineral polymer of the silicoaluminate family has a composition expressed in terms of oxides as follows: yK2O:Al2O3:xSiO2:w H2O where, in the fully hydrated form, "w" is a value at the most equal to 4, "x" is a value in the range of about 4.0 to about 4.2, and "y" is a value in the range of about 1.3 to about 1.52. These mineral polymers are solid solutions which comprise one phase of a potassium polysilicate having the formula: (y-1)K2O:(x-2)SiO2:(w-1)H2O and one phase of a potassium polysialate polymer having the following formula: where "n" is the degree of condensation of the polymer.
 
Process of manufacturing panels composed of units in, for example, ceramic, assembled by a thermoplastic material
US4000027 (A)
This invention concerns a process of manufacturing panels composed of units in, for example, ceramic assembled by a thermoplastic material.

Ceramic-ceramic composite material and production method
US4888311 (A)
A composite ceramic-ceramic material is disclosed having a fibrous reinforcing ceramic and a ceramic matrix made of a geopolymeric compound containing: (a) a poly(sialate) geopolymer Mn(-Si-O-Al-O-)n and/or poly(sialate-siloxo) Mn(-Si-O-Al-O-Si-O-)n, M representing at least one alkaline cation, and n the degree of polymerization; (b) ultrafine silicious and/or aluminous and/or silico-aluminous constituents, of size smaller than 5 microns, preferably lower than 2 microns, the said geopolymeric compound being obtained by polycondensation at a temperature between 20 DEG C. and 120 DEG C. of an alkaline alumino-silicate reaction mixture, the composition of the principal constituents of the said geopolymeric compound expressed in terms of mole ratios of the oxides being between or equal to following values: M2O/SiO2-0.10 TO 0.95, SiO2/Al2O3-2.50 TO 6.00, M2O/Al2O3-0.25 TO 5.70, M2O representing either Na2O and/or K2O, or a mixture of at least one alkaline oxide with CaO. The fibrous reinforcement consists of ceramic fibres such as SiC, Al2O3, SiO2, glass, carbon. The addition of alkaline sulphides and alkaline sulphites enables glass fibres to be protected against chemical attack due to the alkalinity of the matrix.

Mineral polymers and methods of making them
US4349386 (A)
New mineral polymers called polysialates have the empiral formula Mn [-(Si-O2-)z-Al-O2-]n,wH2O where z is 1, 2 or 3, M is sodium, or sodium plus potassium, n is the degree of polycondensation, and w has a value up to about 7. The method for making these polymers includes heating an aqueous alkali silico-aluminate mixture having an oxide-mole ratio within certain specific ranges for a time sufficient to form the polymer.

Waste solidification and disposal method
US4859367 (A)
The invention provides a new method for solidifying and disposing of waste. The waste is combined and mixed with an alkali-activated silico-aluminate geopolymer binder. The resulting mixture is bound together with a geopolymeric matrix. When allowed to set, it forms a hard, monolithic solid. The mixture is subjected to a suitable engineering process, such as casting or pressing, to produce a waste disposal product having superior long term stability.

GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENT BASED ON FLY ASH AND HARMLESS TO USE
PL2061732 (T3)

GEOPOLYMERIC COATING SYSTEM FOR FIBER CEMENT PRODUCTS
EP3724149 (A1)

GEOPOLYMER CEMENT OF THE CALCIUM FERRO-ALUMINOSILICATE POLYMER TYPE AND PRODUCTION PROCESS
BR112013010390 (A2)

early high - strength mineral polymer
JO1387 (B1)

POLY(SIALATE-DISILOXO)-BASED GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENT AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF
ATE518816 (T1)

FREMGANGSMAATE FOR STABILISERING, KONSOLIDERING OG LAGRINGAV AVFALLSMATERIALER.
NO892171 (L)

METHODS FOR MAKING GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENTS AND CEMENTS RESULTING FROM THESE METHODS
WO9831644 (A1)

GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENT AND METHODS FOR PREPARING SAME
WO9513995 (A1)

Treatment of toxic waste, esp incinerator ash
FR2714625 (A1)

Producing geo:polymer cement free from Portland cement
FR2712882 (B3)

Producing geo:polymer cement free from Portland cement
FR2712584 (B3)

Process for rendering inert a granulate containing toxic ions
FR2709258 (B1)

Process for obtaining an aluminosilicate geopolymer and products produced by this process
FR2671344 (B3)

Process for obtaining a geopolymer cement without emission of carbon dioxide CO2 and products obtained by this process
FR2669918 (B3)

Process for obtaining a geopolymer matrix with rapid curing for impregnating composite materials and products obtained
FR2666328 (B1)

MO, FO coatings made of geopolymeric materials intended for thermal protection, and processes for obtaining them
FR2659963 (B1)

Process for obtaining an aluminosilicate geopolymer and products obtained
FR2659319 (B1)

Composite materials with inorganic matrices
FR2604994 (B3)

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING DECORATED, ENAMELLED CERAMIC BY MONOFIRING, WITH GEOPOLYMER SILICO-ALUMINATES
WO8303093 (A1)

Wall or floor tiles for buildings etc. - made from mixt. contg. minerals and binder consisting of aluminosilicate cpds. which undergo polycondensation
FR2528818 (B3)

Mouldings for use in building etc. - made from natural earths mixed with geo-polymer binder contg. free sodium oxide or potassium oxide
FR2528822 (B3)

Thermal insulation of homes against heat - by using walls made of foamed poly:aluminosilicate(s), which absorb and desorb water according to ambient temp.
FR2512808 (B3)

Expanded minerals based on poly:aluminosilicate(s) - made by adding foaming agent to mixt. of silica, alumina, water, and potassium of sodium oxide and heating to cause polycondensation
FR2512805 (B3)

Building panel using core and outer ceramic layer - where both are bonded by thermosetting resin in one moulding operation
FR2372028 (B3)

Synthetic feldspar prepd. from kaolin and metal hydroxide - and its use in agglomerating organic and mineral particles
FR2341522 (B1)

Unfired refractory bonded with feldspathoid material - formed by reacting clay and alkali, mixing with refractory and heating at low temp
FR2314158 (A1)

READY-TO-USE LIQUID GEOPOLYMER RESINS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF
WO03087008 (A3)

GEOPOLYMER STONE FOR BUILDING AND DECORATION AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING SAME
WO03040054 (A1)

Geopolymer stone for construction and decoration comprises rock residues and a poly(sialate), poly(sialate-siloxo) and/or poly(sialate-disiloxo) geopolymer binder
FR2831905 (B3)

Synthetic inorganic polymer of the silicoaluminate family and process for the preparation thereof
EP0026687 (A3)

VERFAHREN ZUR AGGLOMERIERUNG VON ZUSAMMENPRESSBAREN MINERALISCHEN MATERIALIEN IN FORM VON PULVER, PARTIKELN ODER FASERN
DE2621815 (C3)

SYNTHETIC MICROPOROUS PRODUCTS
CA913254

KERAMIK-KERAMIKVERBUNDWERKSTOFF UND VERFAHREN ZU SEINER HERSTELLUNG.
ATE65484

MONOBRANDVERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON DEKORIERTER, EMAILLIERTER KERAMIK MIT HILFE VON SILIKOALUMINAT GEOPOLYMEREN.
ATE27444

SYNTHETISCHES ANORGANISCHES POLYMER AUS DER ALUMINIUMSILIKATREIHE UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG
ATE21378